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Q: How should an animal bite be treated?

Krishna: If a person is bitten by an animal, the following measures should be taken:
Wash wounds and scratches immediately with soap or detergent and flush them thoroughly for about 15 minutes with copious amounts of water. If soap is not available, flush with water alone. Wound washing is the most effective first-aid treatment against rabies. Then apply an iodine-containing or anti-viral medication preparation on top of the wound 15 minutes after it has been washed and flushed.
Take the person to a health care facility for further assessment and treatment by a healthcare
professional as soon as possible. Safely confine the biting animal, where possible, and collect information on it and the bite circumstance to provide information to the health care professional and public health officer.  Keep the biting animal confined and under observation for 10 days.
Check with local authorities regarding how to appropriately report dog bites and biting dogs.
Avoid applying irritants to the wounds such as chili powder, plant juices, acids and alkalis.
Never cover the wound with dressings or bandages.

Q: HOW IS RABIES TRANSMITTED?
Krishna: The rabies virus is mainly transmitted from the saliva of a rabid animal when it bites or scratches a person. Licks to wounds, grazes, broken skin, or to the lining of the mouth and nose, can also transmit the virus.

Q: CAN RABIES BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION?
Krishna: Yes. Organs transplanted from rabid organ donors can transmit rabies to the organ recipient. Individuals with symptoms of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) before death should therefore be excluded as organ donors. 
Human-to-human transmission has never been confirmed outside the organ transplantation situation.

Q: IS IT POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP RABIES FROM THE VACCINATION?
No. All rabies vaccines for human use are inactivated. Human rabies vaccines undergo a series of quality control tests such as potency, toxicity, safety and sterility. It is not possible for the rabies vaccination to cause the disease.
Human rabies vaccines are safe and highly effective at preventing rabies.

Q: Can  inactive rabies virus from the Varorab rabies vaccine could ‘reactivate’?

Krishna: There is no possibility of this happening if the quality control checks are of high standard.

Q: Do we have the same genome through out our body tissues?

Krishna: NO! Because of mutations in cells, our bodies are a mosaic of different genomes ( the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism).

Q: Can the moons of a planet escape its gravity? If they do what will happen to the moons?

Krishna: 'Ploonets' are moons that escaped their parent planets' gravity.  There are none of these ploonets in our solar system. But they might exist in other star systems. There, some moons might escape their parent planets’ gravity and start orbiting their parent stars instead.

There are planets that orbit other stars out in space. And those planets could have moons. Those moons are called exomoons. Exomoons should be common but we couldn't found any till now because of our inadequacy in finding them. However, computer stimulations had shown that their existence is a possibility. 

Scientists think moons that orbited hot Jupiter like planets can become ploonets.  These planets are giant gas ones that lie scorchingly close to their stars. They orbit their stars within days — sometimes just a few days make up their year. 

Many astronomers think that hot Jupiters weren’t born so close to their stars, though. Instead, the planets moved toward their star from a more distant orbit. That movement messes with any moon the planet might have. What happens is the gravity — the tug between the planet and star — adds energy to the moon’s orbit. The moon then is pushed farther and farther from its planet. Eventually, it escapes its planet’s gravity.  This process should happen in every planetary system composed of a giant planet in a very close-in orbit, according to some astronomers. So ploonets should be very frequent.

This has been reported on June 29 on arXiv.org.

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