Vaccine woes - SCI-ART LAB2024-03-29T05:10:33Zhttps://kkartlab.in/forum/topics/vaccine-woes?groupUrl=some-science&commentId=2816864%3AComment%3A124294&groupId=2816864%3AGroup%3A80038&feed=yes&xn_auth=notag:kkartlab.in,2023-04-29:2816864:Comment:2478992023-04-29T05:12:29.658ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p><a href="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/11037648269?profile=original" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/11037648269?profile=RESIZE_710x" class="align-full"/></a></p>
<p><a href="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/11037648269?profile=original" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://storage.ning.com/topology/rest/1.0/file/get/11037648269?profile=RESIZE_710x" class="align-full"/></a></p> Vaccines are necessary becaus…tag:kkartlab.in,2016-01-16:2816864:Comment:1354642016-01-16T03:05:08.346ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>Vaccines are necessary because.. <br></br> The only disease that has been eradicated is small pox. Everything else is still out there. Some like whooping cough and measles continue to cause disease in the developed world. Others, such as polio, mainly occur in developing nations, but could be reintroduced anywhere, via international travel.</p>
<p>Vaccines are a trivial challenge to what children typically encounter and manage every day, said Paul Offit, chief of the Division of Infectious…</p>
<p>Vaccines are necessary because.. <br/> The only disease that has been eradicated is small pox. Everything else is still out there. Some like whooping cough and measles continue to cause disease in the developed world. Others, such as polio, mainly occur in developing nations, but could be reintroduced anywhere, via international travel.</p>
<p>Vaccines are a trivial challenge to what children typically encounter and manage every day, said Paul Offit, chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases and the director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Their bodies constantly face things in their environment that challenge their immune systems to work hard, such as bacteria that line our skin, nose, throat and intestines, as well as bacteria in food, water and the air.</p>
<p>Immunologists at the University of California, San Diego looked into the number of immunological challenges a person can respond to at one time. After considering the variety of compounds in vaccines, including bacterial proteins, bacterial polysaccharides and viral proteins, Offit explained, they calculated that young children could safely respond to as many as 100,000 vaccines at once. The CDC recommends children get vaccinated against 14 diseases over a two-year period.<br/> Vaccines don't cause autism..<br/>
This myth started in 1998, when a study authored by Dr. Andrew Wakefield and colleagues was published in the journal The Lancet. The study followed 12 children, eight of whom had parents who believed their child's behavioral problems were caused by the MMR vaccine. The study set off a panic, causing vaccination results to drop and rates of measles to skyrocket. Earlier this year, the editors of the Lancet officially retracted the paper, citing evidence that it held false information.</p>
<p>Many other studies, including ones published in the Journal of the American Medical Association and the British Medical Journal, have shown the increase in autism rates is not linked to the MMR vaccine. One of the largest long-term studies was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 2002. Following 537,000 children, it found the rates of autism were the same among kids who had been vaccinated and those that had not.</p>
<p>After extensive reviews, the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the World Health Organization and other major medical authorities have all concluded the same thing: The MMR vaccine is not causing the rise in autism .</p>
<p>Vaccines are not 100% safe. This one is true, but walking down the street is not 100-percent safe either, and that doesn't stop pedestrian traffic. Almost all vaccines are given via shots, which can cause pain, redness and tenderness at the injection site. Other rare side effects include fever, persistent crying and allergic reactions .</p>
<p>Even more rarely, serious complications can occur. For example, the old, now-discontinued rotavirus vaccine was tied to a slight increase in intussusception, a bowel blockage problem. Out of the one million children given this vaccine between 1998 and 1999, roughly one hundred suffered this complication and one died. (Today's rotavirus vaccines have not been linked to this problem.)</p>
<p>Going without a vaccine is not safe either. The most prevalent cause of severe diarrhea, rotavirus kills 20 to 100 children every year in the United States and hospitalizes 55,000 to 100,000, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Worldwide, 3 million children are estimated to die from rotavirus each year.<br/> Vaccines do work..<br/>
Because some vaccines have been around for over 50 years, most young parents aren't familiar with the diseases they are preventing. But vaccines are often thanklessly still hard at work.</p>
<p>For example, before the vaccine became available in 1963, almost everyone contracted measles before the age of 15. In the United States, it killed 450 people, mostly children, on average every year. After the vaccine was introduced, cases of measles reached a low of 37 in 2004. But just two years ago, that number climbed more than 130, according to the CDC; many of the patients were unvaccinated by choice.</p>
<p>In England and Wales, according to the Health Protection Agency, a similar trend of vaccination avoidance caused cases of measles to climb from 56 in 1998 to 1348 cases in 2008. Measles is now considered to have officially returned to the area as an endemic disease.</p> 16 years ago, a doctor publis…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-09-20:2816864:Comment:1310562015-09-20T04:26:29.785ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>16 years ago, a doctor published a study. It was completely made up, and it made us all sicker.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.upworthy.com/16-years-ago-a-doctor-published-a-study-it-was-completely-made-up-and-it-made-us-all-sicker?c=ufb6" target="_blank">http://www.upworthy.com/16-years-ago-a-doctor-published-a-study-it-was-completely-made-up-and-it-made-us-all-sicker?c=ufb6</a></p>
<p>Once upon a time, a scientist named Dr. Andrew Wakefield published in the medical journal The Lancet that he…</p>
<p>16 years ago, a doctor published a study. It was completely made up, and it made us all sicker.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.upworthy.com/16-years-ago-a-doctor-published-a-study-it-was-completely-made-up-and-it-made-us-all-sicker?c=ufb6" target="_blank">http://www.upworthy.com/16-years-ago-a-doctor-published-a-study-it-was-completely-made-up-and-it-made-us-all-sicker?c=ufb6</a></p>
<p>Once upon a time, a scientist named Dr. Andrew Wakefield published in the medical journal The Lancet that he had discovered a link between autism and vaccines.</p> Imperfect Vaccination Can Enh…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-07-31:2816864:Comment:1297572015-07-31T02:18:51.598ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<h1>Imperfect Vaccination Can Enhance the Transmission of Highly Virulent Pathogens</h1>
<p>Could some vaccines drive the evolution of more virulent pathogens? Conventional wisdom is that natural selection will remove highly lethal pathogens if host death greatly reduces transmission. Vaccines that keep hosts alive but still allow transmission could thus allow very virulent strains to circulate in a population. Here we show experimentally that immunization of chickens against Marek's disease…</p>
<h1>Imperfect Vaccination Can Enhance the Transmission of Highly Virulent Pathogens</h1>
<p>Could some vaccines drive the evolution of more virulent pathogens? Conventional wisdom is that natural selection will remove highly lethal pathogens if host death greatly reduces transmission. Vaccines that keep hosts alive but still allow transmission could thus allow very virulent strains to circulate in a population. Here we show experimentally that immunization of chickens against Marek's disease virus enhances the fitness of more virulent strains, making it possible for hyperpathogenic strains to transmit. Immunity elicited by direct vaccination or by maternal vaccination prolongs host survival but does not prevent infection, viral replication or transmission, thus extending the infectious periods of strains otherwise too lethal to persist. Our data show that anti-disease vaccines that do not prevent transmission can create conditions that promote the emergence of pathogen strains that cause more severe disease in unvaccinated hosts.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/comments/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002198" target="_blank">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/comments/info:doi/10.1371/journa...</a></p>
<p><a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1002198" target="_blank">http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbi...</a></p>
<p>"Imperfect" Vaccines May Aid Survival of Ultrahot Viruses</p>
<p>Certain vaccines prevent sickness and death, but don't block transmission—meaning they may actually give some viral strains an extra shot at survival. <br/> <a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/imperfect-vaccines-may-aid-survival-of-ultrahot-viruses/?WT.mc_id=SA_DD_20150730" target="_blank">http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/imperfect-vaccine...</a></p> Seattle Flunks Vaccine S…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-07-25:2816864:Comment:1295542015-07-25T07:13:52.622ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
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Seattle Flunks Vaccine Science…
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Seattle Flunks Vaccine Science<br />
<a href="http://time.com/3971948/seattle-vaccines/" target="_blank">http://time.com/3971948/seattle-vaccines/</a> tag:kkartlab.in,2015-05-15:2816864:Comment:1281052015-05-15T04:54:56.473ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QP-o4oeEeNQ?wmode=opaque" frameborder="0"></iframe>
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<p><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QP-o4oeEeNQ?wmode=opaque" frameborder="0"></iframe>
</p> Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-04-08:2816864:Comment:1275232015-04-08T03:46:39.054ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.</p>
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<h1 class="node-title">Vaccinated man excretes live poliovirus for nearly 3 decades…</h1>
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<p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell, in contrast to polyclonal antibodies which are made from several different immune cells. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope.</p>
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<h1 class="node-title">Vaccinated man excretes live poliovirus for nearly 3 decades</h1>
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<div class="field field-name-field-sn-subtitle"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-items-even"><h2>Strains in immune-compromised Briton differ slightly from vaccine’s</h2>
<p>A British man has been excreting live poliovirus for an estimated 28 years.</p>
<p>An immune deficiency allowed weakened virus from oral polio vaccines to replicate and change within the man’s body. This case is not unique, but it’s <a target="_blank" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005114">the longest-lasting example of vaccine-derived poliovirus</a> on record, researchers report August 27 in <em>PLOS Pathogens</em>.</p>
<p>The study reveals that there is no limit to how long polio can circulate in the system of a person who doesn’t produce enough of specific antibodies, says virologist Olen Kew of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta. “This is the world record holder — everyone agrees,” he says.</p>
<p>The virus has changed within the man’s body, evolving into slightly different versions from the original vaccine strain, the researchers show. Several virus strains contained changes to surface regions that human immune proteins attack. The study found that existing vaccines still protect against the most altered virus isolated, though it’s important to monitor such changes, says study coauthor Javier Martin, a virologist at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in Potters Bar, England.</p>
<p>In countries where most people are vaccinated against polio, a person excreting live viruses poses little danger, Kew and Martin say. “We have not seen any evidence of a breakout of these viruses into an immunized population,” Kew says. In developing countries with lower vaccine coverage, such immune-deficient patients are unlikely to survive long enough to spread polio, says CDC virologist Cara Burns.</p>
<p>Cases of chronic poliovirus excretion are rare. But similarly altered viruses have turned up in sewage from Israel, Finland, Slovakia and Estonia, indicating that additional, unidentified people might be excreting polio in these countries, the researchers say.</p>
<p>Polio can cause fever, pain, vomiting and, in rare cases, permanent paralysis. The man in the study takes immune proteins that help combat the virus he’s carrying, Martin says. But such individuals are still at risk of developing paralyzing polio, Burns adds. Researchers are working to find drugs to eliminate the polio from these people’s systems, she says. “Having an antiviral to offer these individuals once they’re identified would be very helpful.” </p>
<p>Polio has nearly been eliminated in the wild, with reported cases remaining only in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Kew and Martin say that researchers hope the virus will be completely eradicated within a couple of years.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/vaccinated-man-excretes-live-poliovirus-nearly-3-decades" target="_blank">https://www.sciencenews.org/article/vaccinated-man-excretes-live-poliovirus-nearly-3-decades</a></p>
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</div> How does the Rotavac vaccine…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-03-15:2816864:Comment:1265712015-03-15T09:10:05.581ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>How does the Rotavac vaccine work?</p>
<p>It works like any other vaccine . Read this article I wrote to know all about vaccines.</p>
<p>kkartlab.in<br></br> Vaccine woes<br></br> Rotarix is an oral vaccine against rotavirus infection. It contains a live, weakened form of human rotavirus.<br></br> Rotarix vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against rotavirus. It can be given to young children to prevent gastroenteritis caused by infection with this virus.…<br></br></p>
<p>How does the Rotavac vaccine work?</p>
<p>It works like any other vaccine . Read this article I wrote to know all about vaccines.</p>
<p>kkartlab.in<br/> Vaccine woes<br/> Rotarix is an oral vaccine against rotavirus infection. It contains a live, weakened form of human rotavirus.<br/> Rotarix vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against rotavirus. It can be given to young children to prevent gastroenteritis caused by infection with this virus.<br/> <a href="http://www.quora.com/How-does-the-Rotavac-vaccine-work" target="_blank">http://www.quora.com/How-does-the-Rotavac-vaccine-work</a></p>
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</div> How to Get More Parents to Va…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-02-26:2816864:Comment:1244742015-02-26T04:16:21.522ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>How to Get More Parents to Vaccinate Their Kids<br></br> A look at the financial and behavioral nudges that can provide incentives for change</p>
<p><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-get-more-parents-to-vaccinate-their-kids/?WT.mc_id=SA_MB_20150225" target="_blank">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-get-more-parents-t...</a></p>
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<h1 class="node-title">There’s more than one way to persuade people to vaccinate…</h1>
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<p>How to Get More Parents to Vaccinate Their Kids<br/> A look at the financial and behavioral nudges that can provide incentives for change</p>
<p><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-get-more-parents-to-vaccinate-their-kids/?WT.mc_id=SA_MB_20150225" target="_blank">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-get-more-parents-t...</a></p>
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<h1 class="node-title">There’s more than one way to persuade people to vaccinate</h1>
<p><a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/there%E2%80%99s-more-one-way-persuade-people-vaccinate" target="_blank">https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/scicurious/there%E2%80%99s-more-on...</a></p>
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<p><a href="http://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-serious-scientific-research-that-discusses-the-potential-harm-of-vaccines" target="_blank">http://www.quora.com/Is-there-any-serious-scientific-research-that-...</a></p>
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<p><a href="http://us9.campaign-archive1.com/?u=69b1f7f753d370193336032d6&id=07df209920" target="_blank">http://us9.campaign-archive1.com/?u=69b1f7f753d370193336032d6&i...</a></p>
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<p><span id="__w2_jEcvAtI_toggle_link"><span id="ld_fotscl_54616"><span id="ld_agridt_55376"><span class="inline_editor_value">Dr. Wakefield's study on autism being linked to vaccinations is one of the biggest frauds in science. Or should we say FORMER Dr. Wakefield, as he was stripped of his medical license. His study was fraught with misconduct, used cherry-picked results, bribed participants, and was funded by anti-vaccination groups. Further, just before publishing his study, MISTER Wakefield filed a patent for a vaccine that would have "solved" the problem. As a result of this study, millions of people, especially in England and the US, refused to vaccinate their children out of fear of autism, and diseases such and whooping cough, measles, and tuberculosis began to surge after years of being under control.</span></span></span></span></p> A synthetic vaccine to fight…tag:kkartlab.in,2015-02-16:2816864:Comment:1243922015-02-16T03:17:31.407ZDr. Krishna Kumari Challahttps://kkartlab.in/profile/DrKrishnaKumariChalla
<p>A synthetic vaccine to fight polio:<br></br> British and American scientists have now joined hands to develop a wholly artificial vaccine to combat polio. The WHO and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are providing a $674,000 grant with the hope that the new approach can address shortcomings in an existing vaccine and help eliminate polio once and for all.Last year, a few hundred cases were reported worldwide. The participating British scientists will come from the universities of Leeds,…</p>
<p>A synthetic vaccine to fight polio:<br/> British and American scientists have now joined hands to develop a wholly artificial vaccine to combat polio. The WHO and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation are providing a $674,000 grant with the hope that the new approach can address shortcomings in an existing vaccine and help eliminate polio once and for all.Last year, a few hundred cases were reported worldwide. The participating British scientists will come from the universities of Leeds, Oxford and Reading.</p>
<p>Explaining the objective behind developing an artificial vaccine Professor Dave Stuart from Oxford University says, "The idea of the synthetic vaccine is that it contains no genome — it is virus free. So it's made like a superchemical that assembles itself to look like the virus but has no way of ever replicating." Such a vaccine will be better than the existing one as it will create a more exact replica of the virus as its stimulus to provoke a stronger immune response from the body.</p>
<p>And it will be quicker, easier and safer to produce. Even after the apparent global elimination of poliomyelitis it will be necessary to continue vaccination as a precaution against reintroduction of the virus from hidden sources, such as rare chronically infected carriers.<br/> The main challenge in developing a synthetic vaccine was how to keep the mock virus, without a real genome, stable long enough to generate immune response. Explaining how the challenge is being met, Stuart explains, "Using a combination of techniques, including X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy, we've begun the task of gathering crystal structures and electron microscopy images that will tell us what we need to know to stabilise the shell of the virus and engineer a strong vaccine that has the ability to bring about the desired immune response in humans." Interestingly, this technology is similar to the one used in developing a synthetic vaccine to combat the foot and mouth disease (FAMD) in cattle. Encouraged by the success of the FAMD vaccine the scientists are now excited to take the same approach to combat other viruses, including the polio virus. Early results with polio are very promising, with synthetic particles being produced and evidence of successful stabilisation.</p>
<p>Stuart adds, "Using the latest technology , we can engineer vaccines that are billions of times smaller than a pinhead, we can track viruses as they interact with living cells, and we can glean the detailed information required to look at pathogens and then design better therapies against them." <br/> <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Now-a-synthetic-vaccine-to-fight-polio/articleshow/46249049.cms?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=digest_section" target="_blank">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Now-a-synthetic-vac...</a></p>
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<p><span class="text"> Avery powerful quote addressing people who refuse to get their children vaccinated:<br/> <br/> "If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that's your responsibility, that's your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies, then ... your action has harmed my child."</span></p>