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                       JAI VIGNAN

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Turbulence during air exercises

by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa

yesterday

Q: How do pilots avoid turbulence during air exercises?

Krishna: 

To avoid wake turbulence during air exercises, pilots primarily adjust their flight path and altitude relative to other aircraft, especially those considered "heavy" or "super". This includes flying above the flight path of preceding aircraft, landing beyond their touchdown point, and taking off before their rotation point. Additionally, pilots should be aware of wind conditions, as wake turbulence can be affected and carried by the wind. 
Now what do the words "Heavy " and "Super" mean?
This video explains how wake turbulence occurs and how to avoid it:
 Wake Turbulence: Wake turbulence is caused by wingtip vortices, which are swirling air masses trailing behind an aircraft. These vortices sink and can create hazardous conditions for other aircraft, particularly during takeoff and landing. The intensity of wake turbulence depends on factors like the aircraft's weight, speed, and wing shape. Heavier, slower aircraft produce stronger vortices. 
How to avoid Wake Turbulence: 
Vertical Separation: The most effective method is to fly above the flight path of the preceding aircraft. 
Horizontal Separation: If vertical separation is not possible, pilots should fly to the side of the flight path, preferably upwind. 
Timing and Spacing: For takeoff, rotate your aircraft before the preceding aircraft's rotation point and climb at a steeper angle. For landing, touch down beyond the touchdown point of the preceding aircraft. 
Wind Conditions: Be aware that wake turbulence can be carried by the wind. If possible, maneuver your aircraft upwind after takeoff. 
ATC Guidance: Pilots should adhere to Air Traffic Control (ATC) instructions and spacing requirements, especially when operating behind larger aircraft. 
Pilot Awareness: Pilots should maintain situational awareness and be prepared to adjust their flight path or altitude if wake turbulence is encountered. 
This video demonstrates how to avoid wake turbulence during takeoff and landing:​
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Dealing with Wake Turbulence Encounters:
Recovery Maneuvers: If wake turbulence is encountered, pilots can push the yoke forward to reduce the angle of attack, add power, and use ailerons to counteract any roll.
Climbing: If altitude is lost due to wake turbulence, pilots should climb to regain it. 
ATC Reporting: Pilots should immediately report any wake turbulence encounter to ATC. 
By understanding the principles of wake turbulence and employing appropriate avoidance techniques, pilots can minimize the risk of encountering this phenomenon and ensure safe air exercises. 
And you should know something about "Physics" to understand all this. Hmmm!