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Leonardo Da Vinci always had a mysterious personality. Lot of things he did and wrote are not fully understood still. He was expert at hiding signals and symbols in his work to convey specials messages - and what exactly these messages were, is still under speculations.
He was a painter and physicist and almost everything. Some of his inventions were way ahead of his times and are still studied to derive clues for new and robust designs. Most of the modern warfare techniques are his gift to future - including helicopter and tanks
Leonardo used to write in a backwards way (mirror image -as mentioned in one of the comments) to keep his work in a little crypted form. This, when added to his difficult-to-read handwriting, made it a tough task to understand outcomes of his research.
if it were not for him, going in space wouldn't have been possible
He made the first walking robot (a walking lion robot)
He took refuge in Vatican city and conducted some illegal autopsies (total 30 in his life) to understand anatomy. He never published his works though.
Two years of his life are totally undocumented - no clues as to where he was and did what he did.
EDIT: Leonardo was illegitimate son of a Florentine notary, Ser Piero d'Antonio. Raised by his father, da Vinci received the standard education of the time - but most of it at home. He never had any formal education.
More here: Page on Discovermagazine
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.Leonardo Da Vinci was the first to explain why the sky is blue.
.Leo Da Vinci could write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.
.Contact lenses were first proposed by Leonardo Da Vinci in 1508.
.Leonardo Di Caprio's name is Leonardo because his mother was standing in front of a Leonardo Da Vinci's portrait when he first kicked.
.A face-recognition software determined that Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa is 83% happy, 9% disgusted, 6% fearful, and 2% angry.
.Leonardo Da Vinci was home schooled and lacked a formal education in Greek and Latin.
.Famous left-handed people include Napoleon, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Einstein,Newton, Bill Gates, Oprah, Obama and Jimi Hendrix.
.Leo Da Vinci used to buy caged animals at the market just to set them free.
.Leonardo Da Vinci's last words were: "I have offended God and mankind. My work did not reach the quality it should have.
.Leonardo Da Vinci was almost put to death for sodomy. When no witnesses came forward, his case was dismissed.
.Leonardo Da Vinci's Mona Lisa became the world's most famous painting after it was stolen from the Louvre in 1911.
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Leonardo Davinci wrote most of his personal notes in mirror, only using standard writing if he intended his texts to be read by others :
Leonardo Davinci wrote most of his personal notes in mirror, only using standard writing if he intended his texts to be read by others :
1. Leonardo was the love child of Caterina, a peasant, and Ser Piero, a lawyer and landlord. He was homeschooled and lacked a formal education in Greek and Latin.
2. He was an accomplished lyre player. When he was first presented at the Milanese court, it was as a musician, not an artist or inventor.
3. Leonardo narrowly beat a sodomy rap—possibly involving one of his male models—brought against him by Florentine officials.
4. Mona Lisa theory #1: Her smile means she was secretly pregnant.
5. Theory #2: She was amused by the musicians and clowns who entertained her while Leonardo painted her. (Another theory says the Mona Lisa is a portrait of Leonardo himself, slyly disguised. But you'd heard that one before, hadn't you?)
6. Columbia University art historian James Beck retorts, "As sure as the moon is not made of green cheese, this is not da Vinci in drag."
7. Then again, unusual for a painter, Leonardo left no definitive image of himself.
8. Of course, that was before she saw the picture: Researchers at the University of Amsterdam and the University of Illinois used face-recognition software to determine that the Mona Lisa is 83% happy, 9% disgusted, 6% fearful, and 2% angry.
9. Bill Gates bought the Codex Leicester in 1995 for $30 million. This manuscript, the only one not held in Europe, includes da Vinci's studies on hydraulics and the movement of water.
10. And Leonardo loved water: He developed plans for floating snowshoes, a breathing device for underwater exploration, a life preserver, and a diving bell that could attack ships from below. In case one had to.
11. Leonardo was the first to explain why the sky is blue. (It's because of the way air scatters light.)
12. And he figured out why the entire moon is dimly visible when it is a thin crescent. Its nightside is lit by light reflected from Earth, which appears 50 times brighter from the moon than the full moon appears here.
13. An ambidextrous, paranoid dyslexic, Leonardo could draw forward with one hand while writing backward with the other, producing a mirror-image script that others found difficult to read—which was exactly the point.
14. The Louvre recently spent $5.5 million rehanging the Mona Lisa inside a display case set into a wall, six feet behind a wooden barrier.
15. In August 2003, da Vinci's Madonna of the Yarnwinder, valued at $65 million, was stolen from Drumlanrig Castle in Scotland by two men posing as tourists. They escaped in a Volkswagen Golf.
16. Leonardo designed an armored car, a scythed chariot, a pile driver, a revolving crane, a pulley, a lagoon dredge, and a flying ship.
17. In December 2000, skydiver Adrian Nicholas landed in South Africa using a parachute built from one of Leonardo's designs.
18. I wonder what happens if . . . After dissecting cadavers, Leonardo replaced the muscles with strings to see how they worked.
19. Sometimes he could be such a dick: He was a big fan of puns and word games, and Folio 44 of his Codex Arundel contains a long list of playful synonyms for penis.
20. He crushed intelligent design before anyone even thought of it: His studies of river erosion convinced him that the Earth is much older than the Bible implies, and he argued that falling sea levels—not Noah's Flood—left marine fossils on mountains.
http://discovermagazine.com/2006/may/10-da-vinci#.UZtDTaJgfSg
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