Humans struggle to accurately read dogs' emotions: New research

People attribute so many things to their dogs' behaviour. But the truth is human beings cannot read dog's emotions! Yes!

No matter how much you are emotionally associated with it and how much you and your dog love each other.

At least, that's what you think.

New research, however, has revealed that people often do not perceive the true meaning of their pet's emotions and can misread their dog. The reasons for this are many and include a human misunderstanding of dog expressions due to a bias towards projecting human emotions onto our pets.

In a new paper published in Anthrozoös, titled "Barking up the wrong tree: Human perceptions of dog emotions are influenced by extraneous factors.

Researchers outline a pair of experiments they ran to show how humans misperceive dog emotions.

Their research shows that humans typically do not have a good understanding of the emotional state of their dog because they judge the dog's emotions according to the context of the event they witness.

People do not look at what the dog is doing, instead they look at the situation surrounding the dog and base their emotional perception off of that.

Our dogs are trying to communicate with us, but we humans seem determined to look at everything except the poor pooch himself. 

Adding to the misunderstanding is a human projection of their feelings onto the dog. This "anthropomorphizing" of the interaction further clouds truly understanding what your dog's emotional state actually may be, what she is trying to tell you.

In two experiments, the researchers  investigated human perception of dog emotions. They video recorded a dog in what they believed were positive (happy-making) or negative (less happy) situations.

The happy situations were things like offering the leash or a treat, and the unhappy scenarios included gentle chastisement, or bringing out the dreaded vacuum cleaner. Then, in one experiment, they showed ordinary members of the public these videos with and without their visual background.

In the second experiment, they edited the videos so the dog who had been filmed in a happy context looked like he had been recorded in an unhappy situation, and the dog who had been filmed in an unhappy situation looked like he was in a happy one.

In both experiments, people rated how happy and excited they thought the dogs were. Sample size for the first experiment was 383 and for the second experiment was 485.

What the researchers found was that people's perception of the dog's mood was based on everything in the videos besides the dog himself.

You see a dog getting a treat, you assume he must be feeling good. You see a dog getting yelled at, you assume he's feeling bad. These assumptions of how you think the dog is feeling have nothing to do with the dog's behavior or emotional cues, which is very striking, the researchers say.

In the study, when people saw a video of a dog apparently reacting to a vacuum cleaner, everyone said the dog was feeling bad and agitated. 

But when they saw a video of the dog doing the exact same thing, but this time appearing to react to seeing his leash, everyone reported that the dog was feeling happy and calm. People were not judging a dog's emotions based on the dog's behavior, but on the situation the dog was in.

Further complicating the communication process is people's projection of their emotions onto the dog. While humans and dogs have shared a bond over the centuries, that doesn't mean their emotional processing, or even emotional expressions, are the same.

This idea that dogs and humans must have the same emotions is very biased and without any real scientific proof to back it up.

"If there were, if we as humans focused on other aspects not relating to the dog to deduce their emotional state, then as both scientists and pet owners, we really have to go back to the drawing board, " the researchers say. 

Even in studies of human perception of human emotions, it is clear that there is more to reading emotion than just looking at a person's face. Culture, mood, situational context, even a previous facial expression can influence how people perceive emotions. Yet when it comes to animal emotions, no one has yet studied if those same factors affect us in the same way.

This research here shows that for one of those factors, the situational context, it does.

So how does a good dog owner cut through the biases and misreadings to understand their pet's true emotional state?

The first step is just to be aware that we are not that good at reading dogs' emotions.

We need to be humbler in our understanding of our dogs. Once we can start from a basis of understanding our biases, we can begin to look at our dogs in a new light.

Every dog's personality, and thus her emotional expressions, are unique to that dog. Really pay attention to your own dog's cues and behaviors.

When you yell at your dog for doing something bad and she makes that guilty face, is it really because she is guilty, or is it because she is scared you are going to reprimand her more? Taking an extra second or two to focus on your dog's behaviors, knowing that you need to overcome a bias to view the situation around the dog rather than the dog himself, can go a long way in getting a true read on your own dog's emotional state, leading to a stronger bond between the two of you, recommend the researchers.

Barking up the wrong tree: Human perceptions of dog emotions is influenced by extraneous factors,, Anthrozoös (2025). tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.10 … 8927936.2025.2469400