SCI-ART LAB

Science, Art, Litt, Science based Art & Science Communication

Q: What is phytic acid? Which food contains it? Should we remove it?  And how can we remove it?

Q: Do mangoes contain phytic acid? That is why we soak them in water to remove it?

Krishna:  The composition of mangoes (1):
Mango fruit has a high nutritional value and health benefits due to important components. The composition of mango fruit, including nutritional and phytochemical compounds, and the changes of these during development and postharvest:
 Mango components can be grouped into macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty, and organic acids), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and phytochemicals (phenolic, polyphenol, pigments, and volatile constituents). Mango fruit also contains structural carbohydrates such as pectins and cellulose. The major amino acids include lysine, leucine, cysteine, valine, arginine, phenylalanine, and methionine. The lipid composition increases during ripening, particularly the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The most important pigments of mango fruit include chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids. The most important organic acids include malic and citric acids, and they confer the fruit acidity. The volatile constituents are a heterogeneous group with different chemical functions that contribute to the aromatic profile of the fruit. During development and maturity stages occur important biochemical, physiological, and structural changes affecting mainly the nutritional and phytochemical composition, producing softening, and modifying aroma, flavor, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, postharvest handling practices influence total content of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and organoleptic properties.

Do mangoes contain phytic acid?
There is an analysis of mango seed
  The results of antinutrient analysis show that mango contains alkaloid (0.01 ± 0.0 mg/100 g), tannins (1.03 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), phytate (1.44 ± 0.01 mg/100 g), cyanide (0 mg/100 g), saponin (0.04 ± 0 mg/100 g) and oxalate (1.49 ± 0.01 mg/100 g). Its trypsin inhibitor activity was found to be (18.42 ± 2.54 TIU/mg protein).  (3)

 Phytic acid is also known as: IP6, Phytate , Inositol hexaphosphate
Phytic acid, mostly as phytate in the form of phytin, is found within the hulls and kernels of seeds, including nuts, grains, and pulses.

Phytic acid is a substance found in many plant-based foods. It is also called inositol hexaphosphate and IP6. This acid is the primary way phosphorus is stored in many plants, including beans, seeds, and nuts.

When phytic acid is consumed, it binds to other minerals to create phytates. Because you don't have any enzymes that can break phytates down, their nutrients cannot be absorbed into your body.


When you eat foods high in phytic acid, the molecules bind with certain minerals in your digestive tract, including calcium, magnesium, iron,zinc, chromium, manganese .Once this occurs, your body no longer has access to these nutrients. Generally, the more phytic acid you eat, the more minerals are blocked from your body.

However, recent studies have shown that phytic acid's anti-nutrient effect occurs only when large amounts of phytates are consumed within a diet that is already lacking nutrition. It also only affects the absorption of nutrients eaten at the same meal. 


The highest concentrations of phytic acid are found in raw and unprocessed plant-based foods. 

If your diet lacks nutrition or you have an iron or zinc deficiency, you should reduce the amount of phytic acid you consume. 

Foods high in phytic acid:

1. Beans

Most beans and legumes contain a high amount of phytic acid. However, studies have shown that soaking beans before eating them significantly reduces their phytate levels.

2. Seeds

When a plant is ripening, phytate rapidly accumulates in its seeds. Phytic acid is found in sesame seeds, linseeds, and sunflower seeds.

3. Nuts

Nuts naturally contain a high amount of phytic acid. The process of "activating" nuts by soaking them in water and then dehydrating them at a low temperature breaks down some of the phytic acid. 

However, many nutritionists think this laborious process is not worth the end result, as it gets rid of only a very small amount of phytates!


4. Grains

Grains contain phytic acid, but only if they haven't been processed. Whole grains also contain lectins and saponins, which are two more anti-nutrients. However, products made with processed grains contain fewer healthy nutrients.

5.Tubers:

Such as potatoes, turnips, beets, and carrots

In-home food preparation techniques may break down the phytic acid in all of these foods. Simply cooking the food will reduce the phytic acid to some degree.


Many processes help destroy phytates before you even eat them. This includes: sprouting, Cooking, baking, processing, soaking in an acid medium, fermenting( lactic acid fermentation),  pickling and yeast leavening (2).

People who regularly consume high amounts of phytic acid — such as vegetarians and vegans — can benefit from eating mineral-absorbing enhancers like garlic and onions. These foods increase the absorption of minerals like iron  and zinc. 


However, Phytic acid is a natural antioxidantAntioxidants help to remove free radicals
 from cells in the body. These are the highly reactive byproducts of cellular metabolism. Left unchecked, free radicals can contribute to the development of certain diseases and cancer.
Foods containing phytic acid are nutrient-dense, overall. For most people, these foods are important to include in a healthy and well-balanced diet. More recently, studies have shown health benefits, as well, such as prevention and treatment of some conditions, including cancer (4).
Studies have shown phytic acid may protect against certain cancers. Phytic acid may be particularly protective against colon cnacer by suppressing oxidative damage to intestinal cells (5).
Studies have shown that phytate consumption appears to have a protective effect against osteoporosis.  Studying postmenopausal women, those with lower amounts of urinary phytate (indicating less in the diet) were at higher risk of bone loss and hip frature than women with higher urinary phytate (indicating more in the diet)(6)
Another study found the differences were more marked when comparing women who had greater risk factors for osteoporosis. For these people, a diet higher in phytate may be even more important to help reduce their risks of bone loss and fracture(7).

The mineral-blocking aspect of phytic acid occurs during a single meal and does not happen cumulatively over the course of a day. That means that phytic acid-containing foods may impact the absorption of minerals eaten in the same meal, but will not continue to impact minerals in subsequent snacks and meals throughout the day.

People who have an existing mineral deficiency should pay attention to how much phytic acid they consume. Because phytic acid is found in so many foods and because those foods are generally healthy and nutritious, it is not recommended to eliminate foods that contain phytic acid.

As an antioxidant, phytic acid has some health benefits. Eating a well-balanced diet can both bring you the benefits of phytic acid and reduce the likelihood that you will consume too much and become mineral deficient.

Wash mangoes and other fruits thoroughly to remove dirt, microbes and pesticides. For removing phytic acid? After reading this reply of mine you can come to your own conclusion!

Footnotes:
4. Silva EO, Bracarense APFRLPhytic acid: from antinutritional to multiple protection factor of .... J Food Sci. 2016;81(6):R1357-1362. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13320
5. da Silva EO, Gerez JR, Hohmann MSN, Verri WA Jr, Bracarense APFRL. Phytic acid decreases oxidative stress and intestinal lesions induc...Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jan 4;11(1):18. doi:10.3390/toxins11010018
6.  López-González AA, Grases F, Monroy N, Marí B, Vicente-Herrero MT, Tur F, Perelló J. Protective effect of myo-inositol hexaphosphate (phytate) on bone m...Eur J Nutr. 2013 Mar;52(2):717-26. doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0377-6
7.  Gonzalez AAL, Grases F, Mari B, Tomas-Salva M, Rodriguez A. Urinary phytate concentration and risk of fracture determined by th...Turk J Med Sci. 2019;49(2):458-463. doi:10.3906/sag-1806-117

Views: 165

Replies to This Discussion

65

RSS

© 2024   Created by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa.   Powered by

Badges  |  Report an Issue  |  Terms of Service