Science, Art, Litt, Science based Art & Science Communication
Qs on science and my replies to them _ part 258
Krishna: Injected? Is intelligence a physical thing to inject? It is a cognitive process!
Intelligence can be defined as a general mental ability for reasoning, problem solving, and learning. Because of its general nature, intelligence integrates cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, language, or planning.
Some of these processes can be ‘taught’ to animals.
Animals learn complex behaviors through shaping. Each step in the learning process is called an approximation. An animal may be reinforced for each successive approximation toward the final goal of the desired trained behavior. Animals learn complex behaviours through shaping (1).
Animal training is the act of teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection, and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal(2).
Dogs, birds, horses, cats, dolphins, fish, elephants, monkeys are trained to utilize their sensory and social skills to bond with a human and help that person to offset a disability in daily life. The use of service animals, especially dogs, is an ever-growing field, with a wide range of special adaptations.
Dogs are being trained to work, detect (narcotics, medical conditions), and other services.
Some birds of prey are trained to hunt, an ancient art known as falconry or hawking. In China the practice of training cormorants to catch fish has gone on for over 1,200 years (3).
Trainers teach poultry to discriminate between shapes, to navigate an obstacle course and to chain behaviours together.
Animals in public display are sometimes trained for educational, entertainment, management, and husbandry behaviours.
You can also use selective breeding methods to get only intelligent animals - but only to a limit.
However, as animals are primitive, their cognitive skills too are primitive. Therefore, reaching the level of adult human intelligence is not possible for them. But some animal intelligence can be compared with a human baby’s intelligence.
Footnotes:
- Animal Behavior & Learning
- Animal training - Wikipedia
- http://[ Displaying Abstract ] (2012-06-10). "nytimes.com: Cormorant Fishing". New York Times. Retrieved 2013-04-09.
Q: Do stem cells contain DNA?
Krishan: According to Guinness World Records, the most premature baby to survive is Curtis Zy-Keith Means (U.S.A.) who was born to Michelle Butler on 5 July 2020 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital in Alabama, U.S.A. at a gestational age of 21 weeks 1 day or 148 days, making him 132 days premature.
If this fetus is not alive, how did he survive? How did he fight for his life, with assistance of course, when he was removed from the womb?
For most biologists, the time of fertilization represents the starting point in the life history of a human being. In other words, you and I begin our lives not when we're born, but when we're conceived. Fertilization, therefore, is the "critical landmark" when a new, genetically distinct human organism is formed.
Having said that, I also want to stress here that this should not form basis for anti-abortion arguments. Because that is another question.
If a ‘violated woman’ doesn’t want to keep her rapist’s baby, that should be her choice.
If a woman doesn’t want to risk her life by conceiving a baby in a difficult pregnancy, that choice should be respected.
If a woman doesn’t want to bring into this world a baby who has some disability -either physical or mental - because the baby would suffer immensely, that should be her choice. Sometimes Nature and Science themselves take care of this issue and a natural abortion takes place.
If a woman simply doesn’t want to bring up a child that should be her personal decision. We have no right to say, “NO’.
The best thing is to stop pregnancy in the first place. If a woman failed in this attempt and conceives, then it should be she and only she, who should take a decision whether to give birth or not. No other person has any right to interfere in this regard.
Is it murdering a human being if a woman goes for an abortion? A mother’s life is precious too. We cannot take one life that is already flourishing to save another one that didn’t even see the outside world. It is better not to give birth to an unwanted baby who might suffer his or her whole life because of these difficult circumstances.
Yes, I am pro-abortion despite being a biologist.
Q: How does dust form in nature? How can we stop it?
Krishna: Tarot card reading is not genuine science. It didn’t follow any scientific method to authenticate itself.
It just is a belief based game!
Some using tarot for cartomancy believe that the cards have esoteric links to ancient Egypt, Iran, the Kabbalah, Indian Tantra, or the I Ching, though scholarly research has demonstrated that tarot cards were invented in northern Italy in the 15th century.
The very fact that some of these cards ‘re created and used for occult purposes and fortune telling is proof enough of their insignificance in the world of science.
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