How to solve complex problems with scientific planning

Perhaps not surprisingly, the study found that no-take MPAs are the most effective in restoring fish populations in heavily affected areas. However, for coastal communities who depend on fishing for food, income, and important cultural/Indigenous practices, the new study suggests there may be other effective options.

In those under-resourced and culturally important areas, it would be unethical to take away local and indigenous people's rights to harvest and eat fish.

But ... this is very important .... multiple-use MPAs, in which fishing can be regulated by species, size, or season, are a reasonable alternative.

We know that many people, especially those in coastal communities, have strong food, job, or cultural ties to the ocean. However, research results show that big gains for nature don't have to come at the cost of excluding people. Future ocean protection and conservation that is tailored to allow a range of uses can be successful—provided that good management is in place. The work  shows that both no-take and multiple-use MPA approaches were 97% likely to improve fish populations. But neither will work very well without adequate staff or sustainable use regulations in place.

The study recommends investing in enhanced staff resources and contextually appropriate management, particularly for multiple-use MPAs, and using a portfolio of well-managed no–take and multiple-use MPAs designed to meet the local context.

It's not an all-or-nothing game like people worry about. There are options out there to get positive results. You can get benefits from marine protected areas where fishing is allowed. But they have to be done well.

The authors recommend that it's important to take into account communities that depend on natural resources to survive and thrive. In areas where no-take MPAs are not ethical or possible, well-staffed and appropriately regulated multiple use MPAs are an excellent alternative.

A key takeaway from these results is that context matters. There is no cookie-cutter approach to effectively, and equitably, protect the world's marine ecosystems. We need to consider what mix of conservation approaches are best for the local context and then invest in managing them fairly, and managing them well.

You will find the details of the research work by clicking on this link:

Gill, David A., A diverse portfolio of marine protected areas can better advance global conservation and equity, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313205121. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2313205121

So the answer to your question is if you close the cracker manufacturing units, you can accommodate the people who work at these factories into other areas. 

If you have the capacity to plan and manage things well, you won't complain like this.  But what we think is - the owners of these fire work units don't have the will to close their well settled factories and start something new again. They don't want to work again in a new ventures. So they start agitating and when the politicians get involved because of their selfish motives, the problem gets complicated and unable to face these problems, the governments yield to their demands - which is an easy solution - and there won't be any end to this problem. 

All we need is well determined and strong leaders to find solutions to these complex situations.  That is all.

Now don't complain again.