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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 8 hours ago

Martian dust storms may generate atmospheric electrical conditions that could impact future missions
Global dust storms on Mars can structure the lower atmosphere into regions where charge separation persists and electric fields approach breakdown thresholds. These conditions create localized, altitude-dependent environments favorable for electrostatic discharges. Such electrified dust may affect spacecraft systems, dust–surface interactions, and near-surface chemistry relevant to habitability.

Chali Idosa Uga et al, Turbulence-coupled Electrodynamics of the Martian Year 34 Global Dust Storm on Mars, The Planetary Science Journal (2026). DOI: 10.3847/psj/ae69db

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 8 hours ago

Orbit overload could devastate astronomy if 1.7 million proposed satellites brighten night sky
Mass deployment of satellite constellations could severely impair ground-based optical astronomy through bright trails and a several-fold increase in night-sky background. Simulations indicate up to 1.7 million proposed satellites would cause drastic data loss, whereas limiting the total to ≤100,000 objects fainter than magnitude 7 keeps impacts comparable to other technical losses.

Olivier R. Hainaut, Large or bright satellite constellations: Effects on observations, including on the background sky brightness, arXiv (2026). DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2604.09427

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 9 hours ago

The researchers theorised that instead that algae parasitized coral, having found a way to live unscathed inside a type of lysosome, the cellular organelles that normally digest food and invading organisms. In doing so, the algae learned how to absorb carbon from the host cell and release the products of photosynthesis—primarily glucose—to feed the coral. That's a win-win for both algae and coral, and for other animals that harbour symbiotic algae.

In a paper published in the journal Cell, the researchers report experiments that support this idea that symbiosomes form by fusing with lysosomes, and that algae have somehow evolved to resist the active digestive enzymes in the lysosome.

Parasites basically trick cells to do what they want. That's what they think is happening here. The algae are hijacking the nutrient centers of the cells and acting like food that just never gets digested because they can fix carbon and make glucose from photosynthesis. They think about it as an everlasting gobstopper.

They noted that the difference is not always clear between a parasite, which exploits its host without the host benefiting, and a symbiont, which lives mutualistically with its host. The coral-algae relationship could be a new type of symbiosis that involves parasitizing a cellular organelle.

It's good for the coral, it's good for the algae, so it's symbiosis. But they think it's basically repurposing the entire cell and taking over that nutrient center.

In genetic experiments they identified at least 200 proteins located on the symbiosome in which algae live.
One of the proteins transports bicarbonate, which is converted to carbon dioxide in the symbiosome, potentially explaining how the alga gets the carbon dioxide it needs to convert sunlight into sugars, despite being isolated inside a cell inside the stomach of the coral.

Co-option of lysosomal machinery shapes the evolution of the intracellular photosymbiosis supporting coral reefs, Cell (2026). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2026.06.015. www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(26)00701-4

Part 2

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 9 hours ago

Algae may have launched coral reefs by hijacking coral cells, genetic experiments suggest

The reefs scattered throughout the tropics arose only after algae took up full-time residence in coral cells, supplying corals with abundant food and enabling them to build extensive shallow-water communities. But with warming oceans, algae are often abandoning coral—causing what's known as bleaching—and turning reefs that were once teeming with life into ghost towns.
Based on genetic manipulations of the lab-grown corals and related anemones, which also incorporate algae into their cells, the researchers are challenging the assumption that coral long ago absorbed algae into specialized compartments inside their cells called symbiosomes.
Symbiosomes resemble mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, and chloroplasts, which harbor the photosynthetic machinery in plants. Both are thought to have been independent organisms that were long ago incorporated into cells and are now essential cellular components in all animals, plants and fungi.
Part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 9 hours ago

How a giant planet survived its star's death, then migrated inward

When astronomers discovered a giant planet orbiting a dead star in 2020, they wondered how it survived its star's violent demise. Now, observations from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) may finally explain the planet's unlikely escape from destruction.
In a new study, an international team of scientists analyzed the planet's atmosphere for the first time. Using measurements of the planet's atmosphere, mass and temperature, the researchers reconstructed the planet's journey. They found the planet (called WD1856b) originally orbited its star from a safe distance. But billions of years after the star died, the planet migrated toward its dead companion.

The findings give an unprecedented glimpse into the distant future of planetary systems—including our own.
The findings have bearing on the long-term fate of our solar system.
In roughly 5 billion years, our sun will die, and we don't know precisely what will happen to the planets at that time. The fact that planets can survive into that final stage of the stellar life cycle really widens the range of possibilities for where and when habitable planets might exist in the universe.

Ryan MacDonald, Aerosols and hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of a white dwarf planet, Nature (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10514-7. www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10514-7

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Chaos-courting pigeons break all the rules
Pigeons live at “the edge of chaos” to maintain their legendary flexibility and adaptability, suggests new research. Scientists presented common pigeons (Columba livia) with five colourful buttons, and pecking any sequence of five resulted in a tasty reward. Despite cutting down the number of sequences they used, the birds never fully gave up on trying new versions, and their favourites fell in and out of favour. The findings run counter to ‘Thorndike’s Law of Effect’ — proposed by psychologist Edward Thorndike in 1905 — that rewarded behaviours become more frequent and less variable.

https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2027-47688-001

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Food noise: Why thoughts about eating aren't always something to be feared
Food noise denotes persistent, intrusive food-related thoughts arising from diverse mechanisms, including hunger signals, cravings, cue reactivity, emotion-driven eating, and perceived loss of control. It becomes problematic when it impairs functioning or promotes overeating or binge eating. GLP‑1 agonists can dampen multiple appetite processes and reduce food noise, but complete silencing of appetite is neither realistic nor desirable. Management focuses on distinguishing hunger from cravings, minimizing external cues, addressing emotional drivers, engaging in physical activity, and seeking professional support when distress or dysfunction occurs.

original article.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Growing evidence shows sugar substitutes disrupt gut health and metabolism

Since the first introduction of saccharin, an array of artificial and other non-nutritive (i.e., low-calorie or calorie-free) sweeteners have become ubiquitous in the food supply. However, a growing body of research suggests that these compounds are not inert in the body and may be disrupting metabolism.
A new review and meta-analysis by researchers, published in Current Atherosclerosis Reports, pulls together the best available evidence on how non-nutritive sweeteners affect health. Across 21 randomized clinical trials in adults, researchers observed that artificial and other low-calorie sweeteners, compared with noncaloric controls such as water or placebo, raised fasting insulin and HbA1c, a marker of long-term blood sugar control, and showed a trend toward worsening insulin sensitivity.

Non-nutritive sweeteners, compared with noncaloric controls, increase fasting insulin and HbA1c and tend to worsen insulin sensitivity, indicating adverse metabolic effects. Evidence suggests they alter gut microbiome composition and function and are associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk in observational data. Heterogeneity among sweeteners and labelling gaps limit precise risk assessment.

One explanation based on the current evidence, the researchers say, involves the gut microbiome. Non-nutritive sweeteners generally pass through the gut and come into direct contact with these microbes. In one trial they reviewed that used detailed microbiome profiling along with experiments transferring microbes from humans to mice, certain low-calorie sweeteners were shown to alter both the composition and the function of the gut microbiota.
In addition to randomized trials, the researchers reviewed large observational studies, which generally found that consuming non-nutritive sweeteners is linked to a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases. The team notes that these studies have limitations, as people already at risk for these conditions may be more likely to choose these products. Different sweeteners may also have different health effects, so grouping them together may obscure the full picture. Taken together with the clinical trial findings, however, the researchers say the overall body of evidence raises concern.

Meng Wang et al, Artificial and Other Non-Nutritive Sweeteners, the Microbiome, and Cardiometabolic Health, Current Atherosclerosis Reports (2026). DOI: 10.1007/s11883-026-01429-9

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Chain reaction in cells may be driving low energy in ME/CFS patients

Researchers have identified a key immune cell dysfunction in people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), offering new clues about the condition.
The study addressed a critical question: Are the mitochondrial deficits reported by other researchers a downstream consequence of the ion-channel and calcium abnormalities previously identified?
Researchers used advanced live-cell imaging to observe TRPM3-dependent calcium movement into mitochondria in real time.

The paper "Deficient TRPM3-linked mitochondrial Ca2+ influx in natural killer cells associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome" has been published in BMC Immunology.

Symptoms included profound, persistent exhaustion; post-exertional malaise; pain; cognitive difficulties; dizziness; temperature instability; and sensory sensitivity, which could severely restrict day-to-day functioning, education, employment and social participation.
The researchers found a significant TRPM3-calcium pathway dysfunction in ME/CFS, resulting in impaired calcium entry into mitochondria, a region of the cell responsible for energy production.
It explains how reduced calcium entry into mitochondria may impair immune cell function and energy production, effectively triggering a chain reaction in the body.

Chandi Tabeth Magawa et al, Deficient TRPM3-linked mitochondrial Ca²⁺ influx in natural killer cells associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, BMC Immunology (2026). DOI: 10.1186/s12865-026-00849-1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Improving growth outcomes for children living with dwarfism

Achondroplasia occurs in 1 out of every 26,000 to 40,000 children and is caused by genetic changes that affect bone growth, proportionality, and differences in the shape of the spine and limbs. Children with the condition often have disproportionately short stature and may experience health challenges involving the spine, legs, ears, nose and throat.

New findings from a trial conducted at Children's Hospital Coloradodemonstrate significantly increased growth rates in children with achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism.
The children who received oral therapy experienced a statistically significant increase in height—an observed improvement of 2.10 centimeters per year compared with those who received the placebo. Furthermore, proportionality improved among children ages 3 to less than 8 years, an age range in which changes in body proportions are most evident.
A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the oral FGFR1–3 inhibitor infigratinib in 114 children with achondroplasia showed a statistically significant additional annual height gain of 2.10 cm versus placebo over 52 weeks, with improved body proportionality in children aged 3 to <8 years. Adverse events were mainly mild to moderate, with no treatment-related serious events or deaths; long-term effects remain under investigation.

Ravi Savarirayan et al, Phase 3 Trial of Oral Infigratinib in Children with Achondroplasia, New England Journal of Medicine (2026). DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2604565

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