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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 9, 2014 at 5:50am

Absence (of Weight) Makes the Heart Grow Rounder
After prolonged periods in microgravity, astronauts' hearts became more spherical, according to scans done on the International Space Station.
When astronauts float weightless in space, their muscles don't need to work as hard as on Earth. Muscles therefore atrophy during a long mission, which can cause trouble when space travelers return home. But what happens to that most vital of muscles, the heart?

To find out, 12 astronauts learned how to do ultrasound scans of their hearts. Then they recorded the organ's shape before, during and after a stint on the International Space Station. The scans showed that while in microgravity the astronauts' hearts deformed into more spherical shapes. Back on Earth, they stretched back into their usual elongated forms. The work was presented at the annual scientific session of the American College of Cardiology. [Chris May et al, Affect of Microgravity on Cardiac Shape: Comparison of Pre- and In-Flight Data to Mathematical Modeling]

Knowing how weightlessness changes the heart could help mission planners prevent long-term damage to astronauts’ cardiovascular systems due to long space voyages. Astronauts on the space station already perform specific exercises to keep their weight-bearing muscles toned. Similarly well-designed workouts might keep hearts both in shape—and in the right shape.
http://www.scientificamerican.com

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 9, 2014 at 5:33am

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 8:51am

Science Writing: An Examination into Sourcing Habits
A research study that looks at where science writers get their information from, and why they choose these sources over others.
http://www.linkedin.com/groupItem?view=&gid=121217&type=mem...
https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/25GF795

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 8:25am

Loneliness Impacts DNA Repair
Social stress takes a toll on chromosomes, affects aging
Humans experiencing high levels of social stress and deprivation have shorter telomeres.

Telomeres are the protective caps at the end of chromosomes which are the best indicators of biological age (cell age) as against chronological age.

Scientists say the length of telomeres is crucial in deciding biological age - long ones indicate healthy ageing, short ones indicate some form of irreparable damage.

Several studies suggest that telomere shortening is accelerated by stress but until now no studies examined the effects of social isolation on telomere shortening.

To test whether social isolation accelerates telomere shortening, Denise Aydinonat, a doctorate student at the Vetmeduni Vienna conducted a study using DNA samples that she collected from African grey parrots during routine check-ups.

African greys are highly social birds, but they are often reared and kept in isolation from other parrots. She and her collaborators compared the telomere lengths of single birds versus pair-housed individuals with a broad range of ages (from 1 to 45 years).

The telomere lengths of older birds were shorter compared to younger birds, regardless of their housing.

But the important finding of the study was that single-housed birds had shorter telomeres than pair-housed individuals of the same age group.

Dustin Penn from the Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology at the Vetmeduni Vienna said, "This study is the first to examine the effects of social isolation on telomere length in any species."

Penn and his team previously conducted experiments on mice which were the first to show that exposure to crowding stress causes telomere shortening. He points out that this new finding suggests that both extremes of social conditions affect telomere attrition.

There is extensive scientific evidence showing the strong correlation between the percentage of short telomeres and the risk of developing diseases associated with ageing, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's.

In turn, lifestyle habits (nutrition, obesity and exercise) are increasingly being shown to impact telomere length.

Telomeres shorten with each cell division, and once a critical length is reached, cells are unable to divide further. Although cellular senescence is a useful mechanism to eliminate worn-out cells, it appears to contribute to aging and mortality.
http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at/

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 8:23am

Social stress takes a toll on chromosomes, affects aging
Humans experiencing high levels of social stress and deprivation have shorter telomeres.

Telomeres are the protective caps at the end of chromosomes which are the best indicators of biological age (cell age) as against chronological age.

Scientists say the length of telomeres is crucial in deciding biological age - long ones indicate healthy ageing, short ones indicate some form of irreparable damage.

Several studies suggest that telomere shortening is accelerated by stress but until now no studies examined the effects of social isolation on telomere shortening.

To test whether social isolation accelerates telomere shortening, Denise Aydinonat, a doctorate student at the Vetmeduni Vienna conducted a study using DNA samples that she collected from African grey parrots during routine check-ups.

African greys are highly social birds, but they are often reared and kept in isolation from other parrots. She and her collaborators compared the telomere lengths of single birds versus pair-housed individuals with a broad range of ages (from 1 to 45 years).

The telomere lengths of older birds were shorter compared to younger birds, regardless of their housing.

But the important finding of the study was that single-housed birds had shorter telomeres than pair-housed individuals of the same age group.

Dustin Penn from the Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology at the Vetmeduni Vienna said, "This study is the first to examine the effects of social isolation on telomere length in any species."

Penn and his team previously conducted experiments on mice which were the first to show that exposure to crowding stress causes telomere shortening. He points out that this new finding suggests that both extremes of social conditions affect telomere attrition.

There is extensive scientific evidence showing the strong correlation between the percentage of short telomeres and the risk of developing diseases associated with ageing, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's.

In turn, lifestyle habits (nutrition, obesity and exercise) are increasingly being shown to impact telomere length.

Telomeres shorten with each cell division, and once a critical length is reached, cells are unable to divide further. Although cellular senescence is a useful mechanism to eliminate worn-out cells, it appears to contribute to aging and mortality.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 6:07am

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:51am

Seeing Stars: Matthew Effects and Status Bias in Major League Baseball Umpiring
Now research reveals that even top-notch umps are subject to decision-making bias, often in a game’s most important moments.
A team of Northwestern and Columbia university researchers analyzed more than 700,000 pitches thrown during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. They found that umpires called about 14 percent of nonswinging pitches wrong. And umps were least accurate when the game was on the line in the ninth inning and when calling a strike would end an at-bat. They also tended to favor All-Star pitchers, especially those with a reputation for good control.

Of course, there’s no way to know how challenging a handful of the hundreds of pitches thrown in any given game would affect the outcome. And you might create a different umpire bias—against managers who demand too many replays.
http://www.jerry-kim.net/2014/03/24/seeing-stars-matthew-effects-an...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:40am

How Can Cities Protect Themselves against Gas Explosions?
Leaks are surprisingly common in aging urban underground pipe networks
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-can-cities-protect-th...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:39am

Segue 1: An Unevolved Fossil Galaxy from the Early Universe
Fossil Galaxy May Be One of First Ever Formed
The stars in the nearby Segue 1 dwarf galaxy have fewer metals than any other galaxy known, suggesting the object is a relic from the baby universe
http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.6116

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 7, 2014 at 9:04am

A University of Colorado Cancer Center study recently published in the journal Cell Reports and presented today at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Conference 2014 shows that the cellular process of autophagy in which cells "eat" parts of themselves in times of stress may allow cancer cells to recover and divide rather than die when faced with chemotherapies. Autophagy, from the Greek "to eat oneself," is a process of cellular recycling in which cell organelles called autophagosomes encapsulate extra or dangerous material and transport it to the cell's lysosomes for disposable. Like tearing apart a Lego kit, autophagy breaks down unneeded cellular components into building blocks of energy or proteins for use in surviving times of low energy or staying safe from poisons and pathogens (among other uses).

Zombie cancer cells eat themselves to live
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/04/06/zombie.cancer.cells.eat...

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