Science, Art, Litt, Science based Art & Science Communication
JAI VIGNAN
All about Science - to remove misconceptions and encourage scientific temper
Communicating science to the common people
'To make them see the world differently through the beautiful lense of science'
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WE LOVE SCIENCE HERE BECAUSE IT IS A MANY SPLENDOURED THING
THIS IS A WAR ZONE WHERE SCIENCE FIGHTS WITH NONSENSE AND WINS
“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.”
"Being a scientist is a state of mind, not a profession!"
"Science, when it's done right, can yield amazing things".
The Reach of Scientific Research From Labs to Laymen
The aim of science is not only to open a door to infinite knowledge and wisdom but to set a limit to infinite error.
"Knowledge is a Superpower but the irony is you cannot get enough of it with ever increasing data base unless you try to keep up with it constantly and in the right way!" The best education comes from learning from people who know what they are exactly talking about.
Science is this glorious adventure into the unknown, the opportunity to discover things that nobody knew before. And that’s just an experience that’s not to be missed. But it’s also a motivated effort to try to help humankind. And maybe that’s just by increasing human knowledge—because that’s a way to make us a nobler species.
If you are scientifically literate the world looks very different to you.
We do science and science communication not because they are easy but because they are difficult!
“Science is not a subject you studied in school. It’s life. We 're brought into existence by it!"
Links to some important articles :
1. Interactive science series...
a. how-to-do-research-and-write-research-papers-part 13
b. Some Qs people asked me on science and my replies to them...
Part 6, part-10, part-11, part-12, part 14 , part- 8,
part- 1, part-2, part-4, part-5, part-16, part-17, part-18 , part-19 , part-20
part-21 , part-22, part-23, part-24, part-25, part-26, part-27 , part-28
part-29, part-30, part-31, part-32, part-33, part-34, part-35, part-36, part-37,
part-38, part-40, part-41, part-42, part-43, part-44, part-45, part-46, part-47
Part 48, part49, Critical thinking -part 50 , part -51, part-52, part-53
part-54, part-55, part-57, part-58, part-59, part-60, part-61, part-62, part-63
part 64, part-65, part-66, part-67, part-68, part 69, part-70 part-71, part-73 ...
.......306
BP variations during pregnancy part-72
who is responsible for the gender of their children - a man or a woman -part-56
c. some-questions-people-asked-me-on-science-based-on-my-art-and-poems -part-7
d. science-s-rules-are-unyielding-they-will-not-be-bent-for-anybody-part-3-
e. debate-between-scientists-and-people-who-practice-and-propagate-pseudo-science - part -9
f. why astrology is pseudo-science part 15
g. How Science is demolishing patriarchal ideas - part-39
2. in-defence-of-mangalyaan-why-even-developing-countries-like-india need space research programmes
3. Science communication series:
a. science-communication - part 1
b. how-scienitsts-should-communicate-with-laymen - part 2
c. main-challenges-of-science-communication-and-how-to-overcome-them - part 3
d. the-importance-of-science-communication-through-art- part 4
e. why-science-communication-is-geting worse - part 5
f. why-science-journalism-is-not-taken-seriously-in-this-part-of-the-world - part 6
g. blogs-the-best-bet-to-communicate-science-by-scientists- part 7
h. why-it-is-difficult-for-scientists-to-debate-controversial-issues - part 8
i. science-writers-and-communicators-where-are-you - part 9
j. shooting-the-messengers-for-a-different-reason-for-conveying-the- part 10
k. why-is-science-journalism-different-from-other-forms-of-journalism - part 11
l. golden-rules-of-science-communication- Part 12
m. science-writers-should-develop-a-broader-view-to-put-things-in-th - part 13
n. an-informed-patient-is-the-most-cooperative-one -part 14
o. the-risks-scientists-will-have-to-face-while-communicating-science - part 15
p. the-most-difficult-part-of-science-communication - part 16
q. clarity-on-who-you-are-writing-for-is-important-before-sitting-to write a science story - part 17
r. science-communicators-get-thick-skinned-to-communicate-science-without-any-bias - part 18
s. is-post-truth-another-name-for-science-communication-failure?
t. why-is-it-difficult-for-scientists-to-have-high-eqs
u. art-and-literature-as-effective-aids-in-science-communication-and teaching
v.* some-qs-people-asked-me-on-science communication-and-my-replies-to-them
** qs-people-asked-me-on-science-and-my-replies-to-them-part-173
w. why-motivated-perception-influences-your-understanding-of-science
x. science-communication-in-uncertain-times
y. sci-com: why-keep-a-dog-and-bark-yourself
z. How to deal with sci com dilemmas?
A+. sci-com-what-makes-a-story-news-worthy-in-science
B+. is-a-perfect-language-important-in-writing-science-stories
C+. sci-com-how-much-entertainment-is-too-much-while-communicating-sc
D+. sci-com-why-can-t-everybody-understand-science-in-the-same-way
E+. how-to-successfully-negotiate-the-science-communication-maze
4. Health related topics:
a. why-antibiotic-resistance-is-increasing-and-how-scientists-are-tr
b. what-might-happen-when-you-take-lots-of-medicines
c. know-your-cesarean-facts-ladies
d. right-facts-about-menstruation
e. answer-to-the-question-why-on-big-c
f. how-scientists-are-identifying-new-preventive-measures-and-cures-
g. what-if-little-creatures-high-jack-your-brain-and-try-to-control-
h. who-knows-better?
k. can-rust-from-old-drinking-water-pipes-cause-health-problems
l. pvc-and-cpvc-pipes-should-not-be-used-for-drinking-water-supply
m. melioidosis
o. desensitization-and-transplant-success-story
p. do-you-think-the-medicines-you-are-taking-are-perfectly-alright-then revisit your position!
q. swine-flu-the-difficlulties-we-still-face-while-tackling-the-outb
r. dump-this-useless-information-into-a-garbage-bin-if-you-really-care about evidence based medicine
s. don-t-ignore-these-head-injuries
u. allergic- agony-caused-by-caterpillars-and-moths
General science:
a.why-do-water-bodies-suddenly-change-colour
b. don-t-knock-down-your-own-life-line
c. the-most-menacing-animal-in-the-world
d. how-exo-planets-are-detected
e. the-importance-of-earth-s-magnetic-field
f. saving-tigers-from-extinction-is-still-a-travail
g. the-importance-of-snakes-in-our-eco-systems
h. understanding-reverse-osmosis
i. the-importance-of-microbiomes
j. crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technique-a-boon-to-fixing-defective-gen
k. biomimicry-a-solution-to-some-of-our-problems
5. the-dilemmas-scientists-face
6. why-we-get-contradictory-reports-in-science
7. be-alert-pseudo-science-and-anti-science-are-on-prowl
8. science-will-answer-your-questions-and-solve-your-problems
9. how-science-debunks-baseless-beliefs
10. climate-science-and-its-relevance
11. the-road-to-a-healthy-life
12. relative-truth-about-gm-crops-and-foods
13. intuition-based-work-is-bad-science
14. how-science-explains-near-death-experiences
15. just-studies-are-different-from-thorough-scientific-research
16. lab-scientists-versus-internet-scientists
17. can-you-challenge-science?
18. the-myth-of-ritual-working
19.science-and-superstitions-how-rational-thinking-can-make-you-work-better
20. comets-are-not-harmful-or-bad-omens-so-enjoy-the-clestial-shows
21. explanation-of-mysterious-lights-during-earthquakes
22. science-can-tell-what-constitutes-the-beauty-of-a-rose
23. what-lessons-can-science-learn-from-tragedies-like-these
24. the-specific-traits-of-a-scientific-mind
25. science-and-the-paranormal
26. are-these-inventions-and-discoveries-really-accidental-and-intuitive like the journalists say?
27. how-the-brain-of-a-polymath-copes-with-all-the-things-it-does
28. how-to-make-scientific-research-in-india-a-success-story
29. getting-rid-of-plastic-the-natural-way
30. why-some-interesting-things-happen-in-nature
31. real-life-stories-that-proves-how-science-helps-you
32. Science and trust series:
a. how-to-trust-science-stories-a-guide-for-common-man
b. trust-in-science-what-makes-people-waver
c. standing-up-for-science-showing-reasons-why-science-should-be-trusted
You will find the entire list of discussions here: http://kkartlab.in/group/some-science/forum
( Please go through the comments section below to find scientific research reports posted on a daily basis and watch videos based on science)
Get interactive...
Please contact us if you want us to add any information or scientific explanation on any topic that interests you. We will try our level best to give you the right information.
Our mail ID: kkartlabin@gmail.com
Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Sunday. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Q: How Big is the universe?Krishna: The total size of the universe is not known, and some scientists think it could be many times larger than the observable portion. For example, one hypothesis…Continue
Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Q: Why do some people commit crimes? What does science say about it?Krishna: It is easy to blame people. But did you know that the way your brain wires or rewires because of different situations it…Continue
Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa Jun 25. 1 Reply 0 Likes
Cars may be a modern phenomenon, but motion sickness is not. More than 2,000 years ago, the physician …Continue
Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa Jun 25. 1 Reply 0 Likes
"De-evolution" or "devolution" is a concept suggesting that species can revert to more primitive forms over time.Some scientists don't accept this concept at all. They say Evolution is a continuous…Continue
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Researchers have discovered a promising new therapeutic approach to treating hemorrhagic shock, a life-threatening condition caused by severe blood loss that remains the leading cause of preventable death in trauma cases globally.
The study demonstrated that activating Protein Kinase C epsilon (PKC-ε) significantly improves early survival rates and physiological stability following severe hemorrhage.
The work is published in the journal Scientific Reports.
In a carefully controlled experiment using a porcine model, researchers induced hemorrhagic shock by withdrawing 35% of the animals' total blood volume. Animals treated with a PKC-ε activator peptide just five minutes after the onset of bleeding showed dramatically improved survival—73% of treated subjects survived compared to only 25% of those left untreated.
Additionally, treated animals maintained significantly better cardiovascular stability, including blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output, all critical indicators of effective response during severe trauma.
Moreover, detailed analysis of mitochondrial activity revealed enhanced function within the heart tissues of animals receiving the PKC-ε activator. As mitochondria are vital cellular energy producers, these findings suggest that activating PKC-ε helps maintain organ energy levels under stress, potentially protecting tissues against further damage associated with severe blood loss.
The implications of this study are far-reaching. Current therapeutic strategies for severe hemorrhagic shock often involve fluid resuscitation, which can unintentionally exacerbate tissue damage by triggering ischemic-reperfusion injury.
This new approach—administering a PKC-ε activator peptide—has the potential to significantly minimize these detrimental effects, thereby improving survival chances and reducing complications associated with severe trauma.
Maya Simchoni et al, Protein kinase C epsilon activation improves early survival in an acute porcine model of controlled hemorrhage, Scientific Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-92310-3
A team of international researchers has revealed in unprecedented detail how tetracycline antibiotics impair T cell function by binding mitochondrial ribosomes and inhibiting oxidative metabolism (OXPHOS). The study, reported in Nature Communications, raises mechanistic considerations for antibiotic therapy and the design of new molecules that can better discriminate between pathogen and host.
Antibiotics historically developed to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis cross-react with mitochondrial ribosomes due to shared evolutionary features, impairing translation of key phosphorylation complex subunits in host cells. Indeed, certain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines, have a long history in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, although large controlled cohort studies are lacking, in part due to the lack of a molecular mechanism.
When you take antibiotics, the effects are not solely restricted to commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Some of your cells take a hit, and there is good evidence in the literature to support reversible inhibition of that mitochondrial translation can be used to treat inflammatory diseases.
The researchers identified specific structural features of mitochondrial ribosomes that could potentially be targeted to develop more selective therapeutics.
"The discrimination between bacterial and human mitochondrial ribosomes represents an important frontier for antibiotic development. By understanding the specific binding domains within the mitoribosome that interact with tigecycline, it will be possible to design next-generation entities with different specificities, whether those affect the host or pathogen.
Qiuya Shao et al, T cell toxicity induced by tigecycline binding to the mitochondrial ribosome, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59388-9
Cells have a mailing system of sorts. They can release tiny molecular balls, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), that contain biological matter or messages and attach to other cells to share whatever they contain.
In cancer, EVs often depart from tumour cells to seed the cancer elsewhere in the body, leading to metastasis. However, how the EVs connected to recipient cells to deliver their payload has remained a mystery—until now. A team of researchers has now revealed the molecular mechanisms underpinning the process for small EVs (sEVs), which they said could have implications for developing better cancer treatments.
The team published their findings in the Journal of Cell Biology.
EVs can serve as biomarkers, since they carry specific proteins and genetic material that can indicate disease progression. Researchers have also started to explore their potential to treat cancers, either by inhibiting their binding to host cells or by encouraging the binding of EVs with therapeutic payloads.
The researchers now focused on understanding the role of integrin heterodimers, which are molecules that help sEVs adhere to the host cell. The same team previously found that sEVs could be sorted into subtypes with different properties, depending on which tetraspanin protein it has. This type of protein is small but critical to EV formation and regulation.
Using this understanding, the researchers sorted and tracked the sEVs with single-molecule resolution.
They examined the sorted subtypes with super-resolution microscopy to find that all subtypes primarily used integrin heterodimers associated with a specific tetraspanin protein known as CD151 and a molecule containing carbohydrates and fats called GM1 to bind to laminin, a protein critical to cellular membranes and heavily involved in cell membrane structure and cell adhesion, among other responsibilities.
Laminin is specifically a glycoprotein, meaning it is a protein with a carbohydrate, or sugar, molecule attached to it. It exists in the extracellular matrix, or the molecular network surrounding cells and supports their signaling and structure.
Quantitative analysis using single-molecule imaging and super-resolution microscopy demonstrated that all EV subtypes derived from four distinct tumor cell lines, irrespective of size, predominantly bind to laminin via CD151-associated integrin heterodimers and GM1, thereby eliciting responses in recipient cells.
EVs bound to laminin significantly more than they bound to fibronectin, which is another protein responsible for cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix.
Two other proteins associated with adhesion in the EVs, talin and kindlin, did not activate the integrin heterodimers. Taken all together, the researchers concluded that GM1 and integrin heterodimers associated with CD151 are key for EV binding. This understanding could help researchers better inhibit or encourage binding as needed in the name of disease treatment.
Tatsuki Isogai et al, Extracellular vesicles adhere to cells primarily by interactions of integrins and GM1 with laminin, Journal of Cell Biology (2025). DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404064
**
Technically, it is currently impossible to accelerate rockets to a speed at which this effect could be seen in a photograph. However, physicists found another solution inspired by art: they used extremely short laser pulses and a high-speed camera to recreate the effect in the laboratory.
They moved a cube and a sphere around the lab and used the high-speed camera to record the laser flashes reflected from different points on these objects at different times.
It is easy to combine images of different parts of a landscape into one large image. What has been done here for the first time is to include the time factor: the object is photographed at many different times. Then the areas illuminated by the laser flash at the moment when the light would have been emitted from that point if the speed of light was only 2 m/s are combined into one still image. This makes the Terrell-Penrose effect visible.
They combined the still images into short video clips of the ultra-fast objects. The result was exactly what they expected.
The demonstration of the Terrell-Penrose effect is not only a scientific success—it is also the result of an extraordinary symbiosis between art and science.
Dominik Hornof et al, A snapshot of relativistic motion: visualizing the Terrell-Penrose effect, Communications Physics (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s42005-025-02003-6
Part 2
**
When an object moves extremely fast—close to the speed of light—certain basic assumptions that we take for granted no longer apply. This is the central consequence of Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity. The object then has a different length than when it is at rest, and time passes differently for the object than it does in the laboratory. All this has been repeatedly confirmed in experiments.
However, one interesting consequence of relativity has not yet been observed—the so-called Terrell-Penrose effect. In 1959, physicists James Terrell and Roger Penrose (Nobel laureate in 2020) independently concluded that fast-moving objects should appear rotated.
Now, a collaboration study has succeeded for the first time in reproducing the effect using laser pulses and precision cameras—at an effective speed of light of 2 meters per second. The research is published in the journal Communications Physics.
Suppose a rocket whizzes past us at 90% of the speed of light. For us, it no longer has the same length as before it took off, but is 2.3 times shorter. This is the relativistic length contraction, also known as the Lorentz contraction.
However, this contraction cannot be photographed. If you want to take a picture of the rocket as it flew past, you will have to take into account that the light from different points take different lengths of time to reach the camera.
The light coming from different parts of the object and arriving at the lens or our eye at the same time is not emitted at the same time—and this results in complicated optical effects.
Let's imagine that the super-fast object is a cube. Then the side facing away from us is further away than the side facing towards us. If two photons reach our eye at the same time, one from the front corner of the cube and one from the back corner, the photon from the back corner has traveled further. So it must have been emitted at an earlier time. And at that time, the cube was not at the same position as when the light was emitted from the front corner. This makes it look to us as if the cube has been rotated.
This is a combination of relativistic length contraction and the different travel times of light from different points. Together, this leads to an apparent rotation, as predicted by Terrell and Penrose.
Of course, this is irrelevant in everyday life, even when photographing an extremely fast car. Even the fastest Formula One car will only move a tiny fraction of the distance in the time difference between the light emitted by the side of the car facing away from us and the side facing towards us. But with a rocket traveling close to the speed of light, this effect would be clearly visible.
Part 1
Health care workers who wash their uniforms at home may be unknowingly contributing to the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals, according to a new study published in PLOS One.
Hospital-acquired infections are a major public health concern, in part because they frequently involve antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Many nurses and health care workers clean their uniforms at home in standard washing machines, but some studies have found that bacteria can be transmitted through clothing, raising the question of whether these machines can sufficiently prevent the spread of dangerous microbes.
In the new study, researchers evaluated whether six models of home washing machine successfully decontaminated health care worker uniforms, by washing contaminated fabric swatches in hot water, using a rapid or normal cycle. Half of the machines did not disinfect the clothing during a rapid cycle, while one-third failed to clean sufficiently during the standard cycle.
The team also sampled biofilms from inside 12 washing machines. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Investigations also showed that bacteria can develop resistance to domestic detergent, which also increases their resistance to certain antibiotics.
This research shows that domestic washing machines often fail to disinfect textiles, allowing antibiotic-resistant bacteria to survive. If we're serious about the transmission of infectious disease via textiles and tackling antimicrobial resistance, we must rethink how we launder what we wear.
Caroline Cayrou et al, Domestic laundering of healthcare textiles: Disinfection efficacy and risks of antibiotic resistance transmission, PLOS One (2025). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0321467. journals.plos.org/plosone/arti … journal.pone.0321467
A new study published in Nature Communications shows, for the first time, how heat moves—or rather, doesn't—between materials in a high-energy-density plasma state.
The work is expected to provide a better understanding of inertial confinement fusion experiments, which aim to reliably achieve fusion ignition on Earth using lasers. How heat flows between a hot plasma and a material's surface is also important in other technologies, including semiconductor etching and vehicles that fly at hypersonic speeds.
High-energy-density plasmas are produced only at extreme pressures and temperatures. The study shows that interfacial thermal resistance, a phenomenon known to impede heat transfer in less extreme conditions, also prevents heat flow between different materials in a dense, super-hot plasma state.
Researchers focused on how heat moves between metal and plastic heated to extreme temperatures and pressures.
In their experiment, the tungsten wire was heated to about 180,000 degrees Fahrenheit while its plastic coating remained relatively cool at "only" 20,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Using a series of laser shots with progressively delayed timing, the researchers were able to see if the heat was moving between the tungsten and plastic.
When they looked at the data, they were totally shocked because the heat was not flowing between these materials. It was getting stuck at the interface between the materials.
The reason was interfacial thermal resistance. The electrons in the hotter material arrive at the interface between the materials carrying thermal energy but then scatter off and move back into the hotter material.
Cameron H. Allen et al, Measurement of interfacial thermal resistance in high-energy-density matter, Nature Communications (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-56051-1
Next, researchers isolated target antibodies from the donor's blood that reacted with neurotoxins found within the snake species tested. One by one, the antibodies were tested in mice envenomated from each species included in the panel. In this way, scientists could systematically build a cocktail comprising a minimum but sufficient number of components to render all the venoms ineffective.
The team formulated a mixture comprising three major components: two antibodies isolated from the donor and a small molecule. The first donor antibody, called LNX-D09, protected mice from a lethal dose of whole venom from six of the snake species present in the panel.
To strengthen the antiserum further, the team added the small molecule varespladib, a known toxin inhibitor, which granted protection against an additional three species. Finally, they added a second antibody isolated from the donor, called SNX-B03, which extended protection across the full panel.
Moreover, their results suggest that the three-part cocktail could be effective against many other, if not most, elapid snakes not tested in this study.
Snake-venom protection by a cocktail of varespladib and broadly neutralizing human antibodies, Cell (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.050. www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(25)00402-7
Part 2
By using antibodies from a human donor with a self-induced hyper-immunity to snake venom, scientists have developed the most broadly effective antivenom to date, which is protective against the likes of the black mamba, king cobra, and tiger snakes in mouse trials. Described in the journal Cell, the antivenom combines protective antibodies and a small molecule inhibitor and opens a path toward a universal antiserum.
How we make antivenom has not changed much over the past century. Typically, it involves immunizing horses or sheep with venom from a single snake species and collecting the antibodies produced. While effective, this process could result in adverse reactions to the non-human antibodies, and treatments tend to be species and region-specific.
While exploring ways to improve this process, scientists stumbled upon someone hyper-immune to the effects of snake neurotoxins. The donor, for a period of nearly 18 years, had undertaken hundreds of bites and self-immunizations with escalating doses from 16 species of very lethal snakes that would normally kill a horse.
After the donor, Tim Friede, agreed to participate in the study, researchers found that by exposing himself to the venom of various snakes over several years, he had generated antibodies that were effective against several snake neurotoxins at once.
What 's exciting about the donor 's his once-in-a-lifetime unique immune history. Not only did he potentially create these broadly neutralizing antibodies, in this case, it could give rise to a broad-spectrum or universal antivenom.
To build the antivenom, the team first created a testing panel with 19 of the World Health Organization's category 1 and 2 deadliest snakes across the elapid family, a group which contains roughly half of all venomous species, including coral snakes, mambas, cobras, taipans, and kraits.
Part 1
Breath-hold diving not only limits the body's oxygen supply but also raises divers' blood pressure during a dive, the researchers say. Holding one's breath in other contexts, such as sleep apnea, is associated with pregnancy-related blood pressure disorders, although it's unknown whether diving causes the same effect.
The researchers speculate that if the genetic change helps lower blood pressure, it could be especially vital for the Haenyeo. These women dive throughout pregnancy and must avoid blood pressure conditions such as preeclampsia, which can be fatal.
This is not something that every human or every woman is able to do. It's kind of like they have a superpower, courtesy, their genes and practice.
A second genetic difference is related to pain tolerance—specifically, cold-based pain. Air temperatures off Jeju Island drop to around freezing in the winter, but the Haenyeo don't stop diving.
The genetic differences that could boost diving ability are found throughout the population of Jeju Island. But much of what makes the Haenyeo women special comes from a lifetime of practice.
Researchers have long known that when anyone dives—trained or untrained, Haenyeo or not—their heart rate reflexively drops to conserve oxygen for longer. For an average untrained person from Jeju Island, heartbeat slows down by about 20 beats per minute over the course of a simulated dive. For Haenyeo with a lifetime of diving experience, heart rate drops by up to twice that.
The researchers hope that their discovery of a genetic difference linked to blood pressure will ultimately advance care for health conditions, like stroke, that are related to high blood pressure.
Genetic and Training Adaptations in the Haenyeo Divers of Jeju, Korea, Cell Reports (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115577. www.cell.com/cell-reports/full … 2211-1247(25)00348-1
Part 2
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