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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 31, 2021 at 8:33am

'Charging room' system powers lights, phones, laptops without wires

In a move that could one day free the world's countertops from their snarl of charging cords, researchers have developed a system to safely deliver electricity over the air, potentially turning entire buildings into wireless charging zones.

Detailed in a new study published in Nature Electronics, the technology can deliver 50 watts of power using magnetic fields. In addition to untethering phones and laptops, the technology could also power implanted medical devices and open new possibilities for mobile robotics in homes and manufacturing facilities. The team is also working on implementing the system in spaces that are smaller than room-size, for example a toolbox that charges tools placed inside it.

You could put a computer in anything without ever having to worry about charging or plugging in. There are a lot of clinical applications as well; today's heart implants, for example, require a wire that runs from the pump through the body to an external power supply. This could eliminate that, reducing the risk of infection and improving patients' quality of life.

The system is a major improvement over previous attempts at wireless charging systems, which used potentially harmful microwave radiation or required devices to be placed on dedicated charging pads, the researchers say. Instead, it uses a conductive surface on room walls and a conductive pole to generate magnetic fields.

Devices harness the magnetic field with wire coils, which can be integrated into electronics like cell phones. The researchers say the system could easily be scaled up to larger structures like factories or warehouses while still meeting existing safety guidelines for exposure to electromagnetic fields.

Sasatani, T. et al, Room-scale magnetoquasistatic wireless power transfer using a cavity-based multimode resonator. Nat Electron (2021). doi.org/10.1038/s41928-021-00636-3

https://techxplore.com/news/2021-08-room-powers-laptops-wires.html?...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 30, 2021 at 9:39am

Faster and Cheaper Ethanol-to-Jet-Fuel

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 30, 2021 at 9:05am

Combo therapy cuts risk of heart attacks and strokes in half

A combination therapy of aspirin, statins and at least two blood pressure medications given in fixed doses can slash the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) by more than half, says an international study.

The fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies were examined both with and without aspirin versus control groups in a combined analysis of more than 18,000 patients without prior CVD from three large clinical trials. FDCs including aspirin cut the risk of heart attacks by 53 percent, stroke by 51 percent, and deaths from cardiovascular causes by 49 percent.

This combination, either given separately or combined as a polypill, substantially reduces fatal and non-fatal CVD events.

The largest effects are seen with treatments that include blood pressure lowering agents, a statin and aspirin together, which can reduce fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events by about half.

The benefits are consistent at different blood pressure levels, cholesterol levels and with or without diabetes, but larger benefits may occur in older people.

 Philip Joseph et al, Fixed-dose combination therapies with and without aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis, The Lancet (2021). DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01827-4

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2021-08-combo-therapy-heart.html?utm...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 29, 2021 at 12:37pm

Protecting gardens and crops from insects using the ‘smell of fear’

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 29, 2021 at 12:36pm

So insect ecologists Jessica Kansman and Sara Hermann are looking into ways of tweaking the use of pest species' natural enemies to make it more practical. They presented results of their progress at this week's meeting of the American Chemical Society.

In a series of trials the researchers let collard-snacking aphids (Myzus persicae) choose between the scent of leaves with predatory ladybugs (Harmonia axyridis) on them or the smell of leaves with no ladybug.

They found exposure to the ladybug scent impacted the aphids' plant choices and even reduced their reproductive rate.

"Our early work has shown that these fear-based responses can change insect behaviors in ways that reduce their damage on these crop plants.

Preliminary field tests using three methoxypyrazine compounds (which we humans would recognize as the smell of ladybugs) isolated from ladybug stink have produced promising results - with aphids avoiding the sprayed collard crops as if ladybugs were present.

"The beauty of these compounds being specific to these insects is that it's an honest cue. The use of natural enemy odor cues is a promising future direction for applied chemical ecology in sustainable pest management

https://scitechdaily.com/using-the-smell-of-fear-to-protect-gardens...

https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-propose-harnessing-the-ste...

part2

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 29, 2021 at 12:33pm

We Can Make Powerful Nature-Inspired 'Pesticides' Without Poison, Scientists Say

While no one enjoys seeing carefully nurtured crops destroyed by hordes of hungry insects, the most common way to prevent it – the use of insecticides – is causing massive ecological problems.

Some are wreaking havoc on bee populations globally, killing birds and piling onto the challenges already faced by endangered species. Thankfully, insecticides are generally only in our food at low levels, but they do harm humans who are highly exposed to them too, like the workers growing our crops. 

They also destroy predatory insect populations, which just makes the problem of crop pests worse in the long term - with fewer pest enemies around to keep their numbers in check.

One alternative that researchers and farmers have been putting to the test is the use of predatory insects to control the problematic plant eaters. However, this approach, known as biological control, has its own challenges.

While insecticides can target multiple pest species, this is a lot harder to achieve when relying on natural predators. Releasing multiple predators could just lead to them preying on each other, or competing with each other for the same pest, as predators may not always target their intended species.

The predators are also very reliant on environmental conditions – temperature and day length can alter their behavior so they may only be effective during certain seasons. This, along with the fact that some pests are invasive and have no native predators means some pesticides may still need to be used, which can then also impact the predators.

part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 29, 2021 at 11:20am

If You See Square Waves, Get Out of the Water!

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 28, 2021 at 9:33am

One IC element assesses with moderate confidence that the first human infection with SARS-CoV-2 most likely was the result of a laboratory-associated incident, probably involving experimentation, animal handling, or sampling by the Wuhan Institute of Virology. These analysts give weight to the inherently risky nature of work on coronaviruses, it said.

Analysts at three IC elements remain unable to coalesce around either explanation without additional information, with some analysts favouring natural origin, others a laboratory origin, and some seeing the hypotheses as equally likely. Variations in analytic views largely stem from differences in how agencies weigh intelligence reporting and scientific publications, and intelligence and scientific gaps, the report said.

Press Trust of India

https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/covid-19-...

https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/reports-publications/reports...

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02366-0

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 28, 2021 at 9:31am

Covid-19 not developed as biological weapon: US intelligence community

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, was 'not developed' as a biological weapon, the US intelligence community has concluded in a report

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was "not developed" as a biological weapon, the US intelligence community has concluded in a report.

The Director of National Intelligence in a report, prepared at the direction of the president, on Friday said SARS-CoV-2 probably emerged and infected humans through an initial small-scale exposure that occurred no later than November 2019 with the first known cluster of COVID-19 cases arising in Wuhan, China in December 2019.

However, there was no unanimity among the intelligence community (IC) on the origins of the coronavirus.

The virus was not developed as a biological weapon. Most agencies also assess with low confidence that SARS-CoV-2 probably was not genetically engineered; however, two agencies believe there was not sufficient evidence to make an assessment either way, said the unclassified version of the report.

The IC also assesses that China's officials did not have foreknowledge of the virus before the initial outbreak of COVID-19 emerged, it said.

After examining all available intelligence reporting and other information, though, the IC remains divided on the most likely origin of COVID-19. All agencies assess that two hypotheses are plausible: natural exposure to an infected animal and a laboratory-associated incident, the report said.

Four IC elements and the National Intelligence Council assess with low confidence that the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection was most likely caused by natural exposure to an animal infected with it or a close progenitor virus-a virus that probably would be more than 99 per cent similar to SARS-CoV-2.

These analysts give weight to Chinese officials' lack of foreknowledge, the numerous vectors for natural exposure, and other factors, the report said.

part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 28, 2021 at 9:13am

Mutation rate of COVID-19 virus is at least 50 percent higher than previously thought

The virus that causes COVID-19 mutates almost once a week—significantly higher than the rate estimated previously—according to a new study by scientists . Their findings indicate that new variants could emerge more quickly than thought previously.

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was previously thought to mutate about once every two weeks. However, new research shows that this estimate overlooked many mutations that happened but were never sequenced.

Viruses regularly mutate, for example when mistakes are made in copying the genomes whilst the virus replicates.

Usually when we consider natural selection, we think about new mutations that have an advantage and so spread, such as the Alpha and Delta variants of COVID-19. This is known as Darwinian selection or positive selection.

However, most mutations are harmful to the virus and reduce its chances of surviving—this is called purifying or negative selection. These negative mutations don't survive in the patient long enough to be sequenced and so are missing from calculations of the mutation rate.

Allowing for these missing mutations, the team estimates that the true mutation rate of the virus is at least 50% higher than previously thought.

The findings, published in Genome Biology and Evolution, reinforce the need to isolate individuals with immune systems that struggle to contain the virus.  These findings mean that if a patient suffers COVID-19 for more than a few weeks, the virus could evolve which could potentially lead to new variants.

The Alpha variant is thought to be the result of evolution of the virus within an individual who was unable to clear the infection.

It's not all bad news because most individuals transmit and clear the virus before it mutates all that much, meaning that the chance of evolution within one patient isn't usually that high. However, this new estimate of the mutation rate indicates that there is more scope for evolution of the virus within such individuals than scientists assumed.

 Atahualpa Castillo Morales et al, Causes and consequences of purifying selection on SARS-CoV-2, Genome Biology and Evolution (2021). DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab196

https://phys.org/news/2021-08-mutation-covid-virus-percent-higher.h...

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