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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 3, 2021 at 8:26am

Muscles are important, but stiff tendons are the secret ingredient for high-speed performance

You might be surprised to learn that most of the explosive power displayed by  elite athletes doesn't come from their muscles, or even from their minds—it comes from somewhere else.

Muscles are important, but the real secret is using training and technique to store and reuse elastic energy in the best way possible—and that means making the most of your tendons. By understanding how this power is produced, we can help people walk, run and jump into older age and how to walk again after injury or illness.

Muscles are remarkably powerful. The average human calf muscle weighs less than 1 kilogram, but can lift a load of 500kg. In some cases, our calf muscles have even been shown to handle loads approaching a ton(1,000kg)!

But muscles have a major performance issue: they can't produce much force when they're shortening at high speed. In fact, when we move at our fastest, muscles can't theoretically shorten fast enough to help us at all—so how is it that we can move so quickly?

part 1

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 3, 2021 at 8:08am

Lake Huron Sinkhole gives Clues to Oxygen Production on Early Earth

An international research team is proposing that increasing day length on the early Earth may have boosted the amount of oxygen released by photosynthetic cyanobacteria, thereby shaping the timing of Earth’s oxygenation. The rise of oxygen levels early in Earth’s history paved the way for life as we know it. The team's conclusion was inspired by a study of present-day microbial communities growing under extreme conditions at the bottom of a submerged Lake Huron sinkhole, about 80 feet below the water’s surface.

 Possible link between Earth's rotation rate and oxygenation, Nature Geoscience (2021). DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00784-3 , www.nature.com/articles/s41561-021-00784-3

https://phys.org/news/2021-08-lake-huron-sinkhole-oxygen-early.html...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2021 at 9:39am

Mice treated with this cytokine lose weight by 'sweating' fat

 Treating obese mice with the cytokine known as TSLP led to significant abdominal fat and weight loss compared to controls, according to new research published recently  in Science.

The fat loss was not associated with decreased food intake or faster metabolism. Instead, the researchers discovered that TSLP stimulated the immune system to release lipids through the skin’s oil-producing sebaceous glands.

This was a completely unforeseen finding, but researchers have demonstrated that fat loss can be achieved by secreting calories from the skin in the form of energy-rich sebum.

To examine whether TSLP could potentially play a role in the control of oil secretion in humans, the researchers then examined TSLP and a panel of 18 sebaceous gland-associated genes in a publicly-available dataset. This revealed that TSLP expression is significantly and positively correlated with sebaceous gland gene expression in healthy human skin.

The study authors write that, in humans, shifting sebum release into “high gear” could feasibly lead to the “sweating of fat” and weight loss.

Ruth Choa, Junichiro Tohyama, Shogo Wada, Hu Meng, Jian Hu, Mariko Okumura, Rebecca M. May, Tanner F. Robertson, Ruth-Anne Langan Pai, Arben Nace, Christian Hopkins, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Malay Haldar, Garret A. FitzGerald, Edward M. Behrens, Andy J. Minn, Patrick Seale, George Cotsarelis, Brian Kim, John T. Seykora, Mingyao Li, Zoltan Arany, Taku Kambayashi. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin induces adipose loss through sebum hypersecretion. Science, 2021; 373 (6554): eabd2893 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2893

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210729143412.htm

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2021 at 9:34am

A Bathing Suit That Doesn’t Get Wet

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2021 at 9:30am

Some birds steal hair from living mammals

A new paper in the journal Ecology documents this phenomenon, which the authors call “kleptotrichy,” from the Greek roots for “theft” and “hair.” The authors found only a few descriptions of the behavior in the scientific literature but came up with dozens more examples in online videos posted by birders and other bird enthusiasts. In almost all the videorecorded cases, the thief is a titmouse plucking hair from a cat, dog, human, raccoon, foxes, or in one case, porcupine.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2021 at 9:19am

A Fully Autonomous Swarm of Gas-Seeking Nano Quadcopters in Cluttered Environments

Researchers have developed a swarm of autonomous, tiny drones that is able to localize gas sources in unknown, cluttered environments. Bio-inspired AI allows the drones to tackle this complex task without any external infrastructure.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2021 at 1:11pm

What causes déjà vu?

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2021 at 12:15pm

Why wildfires have gotten worse -- and what we can do about it

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on July 31, 2021 at 11:07am

“Neuroprosthesis” Restores Words to Man with Paralysis

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on July 31, 2021 at 10:22am

Eternal Change for No Energy: A Time Crystal Finally Made Real

Like a perpetual motion machine, a time crystal forever cycles between states without consuming energy. Physicists claim to have built this new phase of matter inside a quantum computer.

https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.13571

https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.00736

https://www.quantamagazine.org/first-time-crystal-built-using-googl...

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