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Science Simplified!

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JAI VIGNAN

All about Science - to remove misconceptions and encourage scientific temper

Communicating science to the common people

'To make them see the world differently through the beautiful lense of science'

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WE LOVE SCIENCE HERE BECAUSE IT IS A MANY SPLENDOURED THING

THIS IS A WAR ZONE WHERE SCIENCE FIGHTS WITH NONSENSE AND WINS

“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.”

"Being a scientist is a state of mind, not a profession!"

"Science, when it's done right, can yield amazing things".

The Reach of Scientific Research From Labs to Laymen

The aim of science is not only to open a door to infinite knowledge and wisdom but to set a limit to infinite error.

"Knowledge is a Superpower but the irony is you cannot get enough of it with ever increasing data base unless you try to keep up with it constantly and in the right way!" The best education comes from learning from people who know what they are exactly talking about.

Science is this glorious adventure into the unknown, the opportunity to discover things that nobody knew before. And that’s just an experience that’s not to be missed. But it’s also a motivated effort to try to help humankind. And maybe that’s just by increasing human knowledge—because that’s a way to make us a nobler species.

If you are scientifically literate the world looks very different to you.

We do science and science communication not because they are easy but because they are difficult!

“Science is not a subject you studied in school. It’s life. We 're brought into existence by it!"

Links to some important articles :

1. Interactive science series...

a. how-to-do-research-and-write-research-papers-part 13

b. Some Qs people asked me on science and my replies to them...

Part 6, part-10, part-11, part-12, part 14 , part- 8,

part- 1, part-2, part-4, part-5, part-16, part-17, part-18 , part-19 , part-20

part-21 , part-22, part-23, part-24, part-25, part-26, part-27 , part-28

part-29, part-30, part-31, part-32, part-33, part-34, part-35, part-36, part-37,

part-38, part-40, part-41, part-42, part-43, part-44, part-45, part-46, part-47

Part 48, part49, Critical thinking -part 50 , part -51, part-52, part-53

part-54, part-55, part-57, part-58, part-59, part-60, part-61, part-62, part-63

part 64, part-65, part-66, part-67, part-68, part 69, part-70 part-71, part-73 ...

.......306

BP variations during pregnancy part-72

who is responsible for the gender of their children - a man or a woman -part-56

c. some-questions-people-asked-me-on-science-based-on-my-art-and-poems -part-7

d. science-s-rules-are-unyielding-they-will-not-be-bent-for-anybody-part-3-

e. debate-between-scientists-and-people-who-practice-and-propagate-pseudo-science - part -9

f. why astrology is pseudo-science part 15

g. How Science is demolishing patriarchal ideas - part-39

2. in-defence-of-mangalyaan-why-even-developing-countries-like-india need space research programmes

3. Science communication series:

a. science-communication - part 1

b. how-scienitsts-should-communicate-with-laymen - part 2

c. main-challenges-of-science-communication-and-how-to-overcome-them - part 3

d. the-importance-of-science-communication-through-art- part 4

e. why-science-communication-is-geting worse - part 5

f. why-science-journalism-is-not-taken-seriously-in-this-part-of-the-world - part 6

g. blogs-the-best-bet-to-communicate-science-by-scientists- part 7

h. why-it-is-difficult-for-scientists-to-debate-controversial-issues - part 8

i. science-writers-and-communicators-where-are-you - part 9

j. shooting-the-messengers-for-a-different-reason-for-conveying-the- part 10

k. why-is-science-journalism-different-from-other-forms-of-journalism - part 11

l. golden-rules-of-science-communication- Part 12

m. science-writers-should-develop-a-broader-view-to-put-things-in-th - part 13

n. an-informed-patient-is-the-most-cooperative-one -part 14

o. the-risks-scientists-will-have-to-face-while-communicating-science - part 15

p. the-most-difficult-part-of-science-communication - part 16

q. clarity-on-who-you-are-writing-for-is-important-before-sitting-to write a science story - part 17

r. science-communicators-get-thick-skinned-to-communicate-science-wi thout-any-bias - part 18

s. is-post-truth-another-name-for-science-communication-failure?

t. why-is-it-difficult-for-scientists-to-have-high-eqs

u. art-and-literature-as-effective-aids-in-science-communication-and teaching

v.* some-qs-people-asked-me-on-science communication-and-my-replies-to-them

** qs-people-asked-me-on-science-and-my-replies-to-them-part-173

w. why-motivated-perception-influences-your-understanding-of-science

x. science-communication-in-uncertain-times

y. sci-com: why-keep-a-dog-and-bark-yourself

z. How to deal with sci com dilemmas?

A+. sci-com-what-makes-a-story-news-worthy-in-science

B+. is-a-perfect-language-important-in-writing-science-stories

C+. sci-com-how-much-entertainment-is-too-much-while-communicating-sc

D+. sci-com-why-can-t-everybody-understand-science-in-the-same-way

E+. how-to-successfully-negotiate-the-science-communication-maze

4. Health related topics:

a. why-antibiotic-resistance-is-increasing-and-how-scientists-are-tr

b. what-might-happen-when-you-take-lots-of-medicines

c. know-your-cesarean-facts-ladies

d. right-facts-about-menstruation

e. answer-to-the-question-why-on-big-c

f. how-scientists-are-identifying-new-preventive-measures-and-cures-

g. what-if-little-creatures-high-jack-your-brain-and-try-to-control-

h. who-knows-better?

i. mycotoxicoses

j. immunotherapy

k. can-rust-from-old-drinking-water-pipes-cause-health-problems

l. pvc-and-cpvc-pipes-should-not-be-used-for-drinking-water-supply

m. melioidosis

n.vaccine-woes

o. desensitization-and-transplant-success-story

p. do-you-think-the-medicines-you-are-taking-are-perfectly-alright-then revisit your position!

q. swine-flu-the-difficlulties-we-still-face-while-tackling-the-outb

r. dump-this-useless-information-into-a-garbage-bin-if-you-really-ca re about evidence based medicine

s. don-t-ignore-these-head-injuries

t. the-detoxification-scam

u. allergic- agony-caused-by-caterpillars-and-moths

General science:

a.why-do-water-bodies-suddenly-change-colour

b. don-t-knock-down-your-own-life-line

c. the-most-menacing-animal-in-the-world

d. how-exo-planets-are-detected

e. the-importance-of-earth-s-magnetic-field

f. saving-tigers-from-extinction-is-still-a-travail

g. the-importance-of-snakes-in-our-eco-systems

h. understanding-reverse-osmosis

i. the-importance-of-microbiomes

j. crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technique-a-boon-to-fixing-defective-gen

k. biomimicry-a-solution-to-some-of-our-problems

5. the-dilemmas-scientists-face

6. why-we-get-contradictory-reports-in-science

7. be-alert-pseudo-science-and-anti-science-are-on-prowl

8. science-will-answer-your-questions-and-solve-your-problems

9. how-science-debunks-baseless-beliefs

10. climate-science-and-its-relevance

11. the-road-to-a-healthy-life

12. relative-truth-about-gm-crops-and-foods

13. intuition-based-work-is-bad-science

14. how-science-explains-near-death-experiences

15. just-studies-are-different-from-thorough-scientific-research

16. lab-scientists-versus-internet-scientists

17. can-you-challenge-science?

18. the-myth-of-ritual-working

19.science-and-superstitions-how-rational-thinking-can-make-you-work -better

20. comets-are-not-harmful-or-bad-omens-so-enjoy-the-clestial-shows

21. explanation-of-mysterious-lights-during-earthquakes

22. science-can-tell-what-constitutes-the-beauty-of-a-rose

23. what-lessons-can-science-learn-from-tragedies-like-these

24. the-specific-traits-of-a-scientific-mind

25. science-and-the-paranormal

26. are-these-inventions-and-discoveries-really-accidental-and-intuitive like the journalists say?

27. how-the-brain-of-a-polymath-copes-with-all-the-things-it-does

28. how-to-make-scientific-research-in-india-a-success-story

29. getting-rid-of-plastic-the-natural-way

30. why-some-interesting-things-happen-in-nature

31. real-life-stories-that-proves-how-science-helps-you

32. Science and trust series:

a. how-to-trust-science-stories-a-guide-for-common-man

b. trust-in-science-what-makes-people-waver

c. standing-up-for-science-showing-reasons-why-science-should-be-trusted

You will find the entire list of discussions here: http://kkartlab.in/group/some-science/forum

( Please go through the comments section below to find scientific research reports posted on a daily basis and watch videos based on science)

Get interactive...

Please contact us if you want us to add any information or scientific explanation on any topic that interests you. We will try our level best to give you the right information.

Our mail ID: kkartlabin@gmail.com

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2020 at 7:12am: Insects feel persistent pain after injury, evidence suggests

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190712120244.htm

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How to protect yourself from media manipulation on energy issues and other contentious matters

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-media-energy-issues-contentious.html

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Scientists uncover a new RNA-modifying enzyme

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-cell-scientists-uncover-rna-modifying...

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Scientists Create Giant “Artificial Atoms” to Enable Quantum Processing and Communication in One

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-scientists-create-giant-artificial-ato...

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Hydroxychloroquine can’t stop COVID-19. It’s time to move on, scientists say

An abundance of scientific data shows that the drug isn’t an effective COVID-19 treatment

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/covid-19-coronavirus-hydroxychl...

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https://www.sciencealert.com/here-s-why-hydroxychloroquine-doesn-t-...

Here's Why Hydroxychloroquine Doesn't Block The Coronavirus in Human Lung Cells

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 2, 2020 at 5:11am: The Science Behind Mental Toughness

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50 Images Taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 6:48am: Concerns about Waning COVID-19 Immunity Are Likely Overblown

The decline seen in some studies is normal, experts say. But scientists must wait to see whether infection confers long-term protection

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/concerns-about-waning-co...

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https://theconversation.com/stonehenge-how-we-revealed-the-original...

Stonehenge: how scientists revealed the original source of the biggest stones

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https://theconversation.com/10-things-we-do-that-puzzle-and-scare-h...

10 things we do that puzzle and scare horses

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https://www.sciencealert.com/paediatricians-explain-what-we-know-ab...

Do Children Spread COVID-19? Paediatricians Break Down What We Know So Far

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 6:04am: https://theconversation.com/climate-denial-hasnt-gone-away-heres-ho...

Climate denial hasn’t gone away – here’s how to spot arguments for delaying climate action

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https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/jul/30/herd-immunity-i...

Herd immunity in India may generate only in pockets, can be short-lived: Scientists

Herd immunity occurs when a large number of people, usually 70 to 90 per cent, become immune to a contagious disease after being infected to it.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 5:56am: Scientists put visions of letters in blind people’s brains

Stimulating the brain in specific ways can generate mental images of simple shapes

https://massivesci.com/articles/visual-cortex-letters-electrical-st...

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Paralyzed man has sense of touch restored by brain-machine interface

This is the first BMI to restore movement and touch simultaneously

https://massivesci.com/articles/bmi-brain-machine-interface-burkhar...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 5:53am: The Anglerfish Deleted Its Immune System to Fuse With Its Mate

Underwater “sexual parasitism” between male and female allows two bodies to become one. Now we know the reason why.

THERE ARE FEW animals more bizarre than the anglerfish, a species that has so much trouble finding a mate that when the male and female do connect underwater, males actually fuse their tissue with the females for life. After the merger, the two share a single respiratory and digestive system.

Now scientists have discovered that the anglerfish accomplishes this sexual parasitism because it has lost a key part of its immune system, which then allows two bodies to become one without tissue rejection. Anglerfish have traded in their immune faculties, which we believe to be essential, for this reproductive behavior.

https://www.wired.com/story/the-anglerfish-deleted-its-immune-syste...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 5:20am: Cell competition in the thymus is crucial in a healthy organism

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-cell-competition-thymus-crucial-healt...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-07-secret-quantum.html?utm_source=nwlett...

Sharing a secret... the quantum way

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https://phys.org/news/2020-07-reveals-hard-polyester.html?utm_sourc...

Research reveals why it's hard to get the smell out of polyester

Why does that favourite shirt, the one you've been wearing around the house since COVID-19 started, still stink, even after regular washing?

Chances are it contains polyester, which means that funky smell isn't going to go away, according to a new University of Alberta study.

Laundering experiments showed that odorants—smelly compunds like those in sweat—are more attracted to polyester than to other fabrics like cotton, and don't completely wash out.

"We found that polyester isn't easily releasing those sweaty-smelling compounds, and repeated wearing puts more of them into the fibre, so over time there's this buildup of odour.

Polyester and cotton knit fabrics were soiled with three odorants and then put through several wash cycles with various detergents; laundering proved more effective at removing the stinky compounds from cotton than from polyester, according to the study, published in the Textile Research Journal.

Polyester is a non-polar fibre—meaning it repels water—which is why it dries quickly, but that also means it naturally attracts oil from our skin, which can lead to body odour.

The good news is, that favourite stinky shirt will probably only get to a certain level of smelliness. Between five and 10 wash cycles, there were no significant differences in the amounts of odorants extracted from the fabric, the study showed.

The research gives more insight into why popular solutions like antimicrobial textiles only partly address the issue of stinky fabrics.

Not everyone will wind up with permanently smelly polyester clothing. It depends on their personal body chemistry.

M Mukhtar Abdul-Bari et al. Retention and release of odorants in cotton and polyester fabrics following multiple soil/wash procedures, Textile Research Journal (2020). DOI: 10.1177/0040517520914411

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 5:16am: How human sperm really swim: New research challenges centuries-old assumption

A breakthrough in fertility science by researchers from Bristol and Mexico has shattered the universally accepted view of how sperm 'swim'.

More than three hundred years after Antonie van Leeuwenhoek used one of the earliest microscopes to describe human sperm as having a "tail, which, when swimming, lashes with a snakelike movement, like eels in water", scientists have revealed this is an optical illusion.

Using state-of-the-art 3-D microscopy and mathematics, now scientists

have pioneered the reconstruction of the true movement of the sperm tail in 3-D.

Using a high-speed camera capable of recording over 55,000 frames in one second, and a microscope stage with a piezoelectric device to move the sample up and down at an incredibly high rate, they were able to scan the sperm swimming freely in 3-D.

The ground-breaking study, published in the journal Science Advances, reveals the sperm tail is in fact wonky and only wiggles on one side. While this should mean the sperm's one-sided stroke would have it swimming in circles, sperm have found a clever way to adapt and swim forwards. Human sperm figured out if they roll as they swim, much like playful otters corkscrewing through water, their one-sided stoke would average itself out, and they would swim forwards. The sperms' rapid and highly synchronized spinning causes an illusion when seen from above with 2-D microscopes—the tail appears to have a side-to-side symmetric movement, "like eels in water", as described by Leeuwenhoek in the 17th century.

The present discovery shows sperm have developed a swimming technique to compensate for their lop-sidedness and in doing so have ingeniously solved a mathematical puzzle at a microscopic scale: by creating symmetry out of asymmetry. The otter-like spinning of human sperm is however complex: the sperm head spins at the same time that the sperm tail rotates around the swimming direction. This is known in physics as precession, much like when the orbits of Earth and Mars precess around the sun.

This discovery will revolutionize our understanding of sperm motility and its impact on natural fertilization. So little is known about the intricate environment inside the female reproductive tract and how sperm swimming impinge on fertilization. These new tools open our eyes to the amazing capabilities sperm have.

"Human sperm uses asymmetric and anisotropic flagellar controls to regulate swimming symmetry and cell steering" Science Advances (2020). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5168

https://phys.org/news/2020-07-human-sperm-centuries-old-assumption....

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on August 1, 2020 at 5:04am: Scientists test a 'bispecific' antibody that helps T cells zero in on treatment-resistant cancers

Although immunotherapy has achieved increasing prominence in the panoply of innovative cancer treatments, it remains an imperfect tool—too many tumors simply do not respond.

To the rescue is an evolving class of engineered proteins that go by the unusual name of bispecific antibodies. As their name implies, these proteins have dual recognition capability: They are engineered to home in on a T cell surface receptor as well as bind to the surface antigen of a cancer cell itself. The aim is to bring the two types of cells together and to activate the tumor annihilating capability of T cells.

Regeneron's anticancer innovation has grown out of a sobering reality: Certain cancers have developed deceptive strategies allowing them to resist immunotherapy. Resistance among cancers is as daunting a concern as infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Several common cancers have a noteworthy history of thwarting checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, a treatment that relies on the strength of T cells to kill tumors. The investigational bispecific antibodies are designed to help overcome cancer-cell resistance.

Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is itself an innovative form of cancer therapy that relies on drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors. This class of therapeutics is designed to treat multiple forms of cancer by engaging the body's immune system—its T cells—to recognize and attack malignant cells. Keytruda, a medication that helped revolutionize the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, is a checkpoint inhibitor.

All checkpoint inhibitors are based on a deceptively simple principle: Cancer cells possess a protein dubbed PD-L1. T cells have a surface protein called PD1. Tricky cancer cells use their PD-L1 proteins to elude T cells, to get past the guards—the checkpoints—an activity that allows tumors to proliferate and spread.

Multiple cancers that range from Hodgkins lymphoma to lung, bladder, ovarian and kidney cancers may initially respond to checkpoint inhibitors, but soon develop resistance. The Regeneron team studied two bispecific antibodies that each target a T cell protein dubbed CD28. At the same time, they analyzed two tumor-specific antigens. The bispecific antibodies attracted both T cells and the cancer antigens, enhancing the potential of cancer cell death by T cells.

Waite and colleagues found that bispecific antibodies enhanced the effectiveness of treating the anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in mouse models. The scientists also say the combination sensitized, previously resistant tumors to treatment. The bispecific antibodies showed few signs of toxicity and did not provoke dangerous systemic responses from T cells.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-scientists-bispecific-antibo...

Janelle C. Waite et al. Tumor-targeted CD28 bispecific antibodies enhance the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy, Science Translational Medicine (2020). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2325