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Science Simplified!

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JAI VIGNAN

All about Science - to remove misconceptions and encourage scientific temper

Communicating science to the common people

'To make them see the world differently through the beautiful lense of science'

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WE LOVE SCIENCE HERE BECAUSE IT IS A MANY SPLENDOURED THING

THIS IS A WAR ZONE WHERE SCIENCE FIGHTS WITH NONSENSE AND WINS

“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.”

"Being a scientist is a state of mind, not a profession!"

"Science, when it's done right, can yield amazing things".

The Reach of Scientific Research From Labs to Laymen

The aim of science is not only to open a door to infinite knowledge and wisdom but to set a limit to infinite error.

"Knowledge is a Superpower but the irony is you cannot get enough of it with ever increasing data base unless you try to keep up with it constantly and in the right way!" The best education comes from learning from people who know what they are exactly talking about.

Science is this glorious adventure into the unknown, the opportunity to discover things that nobody knew before. And that’s just an experience that’s not to be missed. But it’s also a motivated effort to try to help humankind. And maybe that’s just by increasing human knowledge—because that’s a way to make us a nobler species.

If you are scientifically literate the world looks very different to you.

We do science and science communication not because they are easy but because they are difficult!

“Science is not a subject you studied in school. It’s life. We 're brought into existence by it!"

Links to some important articles :

1. Interactive science series...

a. how-to-do-research-and-write-research-papers-part 13

b. Some Qs people asked me on science and my replies to them...

Part 6, part-10, part-11, part-12, part 14 , part- 8,

part- 1, part-2, part-4, part-5, part-16, part-17, part-18 , part-19 , part-20

part-21 , part-22, part-23, part-24, part-25, part-26, part-27 , part-28

part-29, part-30, part-31, part-32, part-33, part-34, part-35, part-36, part-37,

part-38, part-40, part-41, part-42, part-43, part-44, part-45, part-46, part-47

Part 48, part49, Critical thinking -part 50 , part -51, part-52, part-53

part-54, part-55, part-57, part-58, part-59, part-60, part-61, part-62, part-63

part 64, part-65, part-66, part-67, part-68, part 69, part-70 part-71, part-73 ...

.......306

BP variations during pregnancy part-72

who is responsible for the gender of their children - a man or a woman -part-56

c. some-questions-people-asked-me-on-science-based-on-my-art-and-poems -part-7

d. science-s-rules-are-unyielding-they-will-not-be-bent-for-anybody-part-3-

e. debate-between-scientists-and-people-who-practice-and-propagate-pseudo-science - part -9

f. why astrology is pseudo-science part 15

g. How Science is demolishing patriarchal ideas - part-39

2. in-defence-of-mangalyaan-why-even-developing-countries-like-india need space research programmes

3. Science communication series:

a. science-communication - part 1

b. how-scienitsts-should-communicate-with-laymen - part 2

c. main-challenges-of-science-communication-and-how-to-overcome-them - part 3

d. the-importance-of-science-communication-through-art- part 4

e. why-science-communication-is-geting worse - part 5

f. why-science-journalism-is-not-taken-seriously-in-this-part-of-the-world - part 6

g. blogs-the-best-bet-to-communicate-science-by-scientists- part 7

h. why-it-is-difficult-for-scientists-to-debate-controversial-issues - part 8

i. science-writers-and-communicators-where-are-you - part 9

j. shooting-the-messengers-for-a-different-reason-for-conveying-the- part 10

k. why-is-science-journalism-different-from-other-forms-of-journalism - part 11

l. golden-rules-of-science-communication- Part 12

m. science-writers-should-develop-a-broader-view-to-put-things-in-th - part 13

n. an-informed-patient-is-the-most-cooperative-one -part 14

o. the-risks-scientists-will-have-to-face-while-communicating-science - part 15

p. the-most-difficult-part-of-science-communication - part 16

q. clarity-on-who-you-are-writing-for-is-important-before-sitting-to write a science story - part 17

r. science-communicators-get-thick-skinned-to-communicate-science-wi thout-any-bias - part 18

s. is-post-truth-another-name-for-science-communication-failure?

t. why-is-it-difficult-for-scientists-to-have-high-eqs

u. art-and-literature-as-effective-aids-in-science-communication-and teaching

v.* some-qs-people-asked-me-on-science communication-and-my-replies-to-them

** qs-people-asked-me-on-science-and-my-replies-to-them-part-173

w. why-motivated-perception-influences-your-understanding-of-science

x. science-communication-in-uncertain-times

y. sci-com: why-keep-a-dog-and-bark-yourself

z. How to deal with sci com dilemmas?

A+. sci-com-what-makes-a-story-news-worthy-in-science

B+. is-a-perfect-language-important-in-writing-science-stories

C+. sci-com-how-much-entertainment-is-too-much-while-communicating-sc

D+. sci-com-why-can-t-everybody-understand-science-in-the-same-way

E+. how-to-successfully-negotiate-the-science-communication-maze

4. Health related topics:

a. why-antibiotic-resistance-is-increasing-and-how-scientists-are-tr

b. what-might-happen-when-you-take-lots-of-medicines

c. know-your-cesarean-facts-ladies

d. right-facts-about-menstruation

e. answer-to-the-question-why-on-big-c

f. how-scientists-are-identifying-new-preventive-measures-and-cures-

g. what-if-little-creatures-high-jack-your-brain-and-try-to-control-

h. who-knows-better?

i. mycotoxicoses

j. immunotherapy

k. can-rust-from-old-drinking-water-pipes-cause-health-problems

l. pvc-and-cpvc-pipes-should-not-be-used-for-drinking-water-supply

m. melioidosis

n.vaccine-woes

o. desensitization-and-transplant-success-story

p. do-you-think-the-medicines-you-are-taking-are-perfectly-alright-then revisit your position!

q. swine-flu-the-difficlulties-we-still-face-while-tackling-the-outb

r. dump-this-useless-information-into-a-garbage-bin-if-you-really-ca re about evidence based medicine

s. don-t-ignore-these-head-injuries

t. the-detoxification-scam

u. allergic- agony-caused-by-caterpillars-and-moths

General science:

a.why-do-water-bodies-suddenly-change-colour

b. don-t-knock-down-your-own-life-line

c. the-most-menacing-animal-in-the-world

d. how-exo-planets-are-detected

e. the-importance-of-earth-s-magnetic-field

f. saving-tigers-from-extinction-is-still-a-travail

g. the-importance-of-snakes-in-our-eco-systems

h. understanding-reverse-osmosis

i. the-importance-of-microbiomes

j. crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technique-a-boon-to-fixing-defective-gen

k. biomimicry-a-solution-to-some-of-our-problems

5. the-dilemmas-scientists-face

6. why-we-get-contradictory-reports-in-science

7. be-alert-pseudo-science-and-anti-science-are-on-prowl

8. science-will-answer-your-questions-and-solve-your-problems

9. how-science-debunks-baseless-beliefs

10. climate-science-and-its-relevance

11. the-road-to-a-healthy-life

12. relative-truth-about-gm-crops-and-foods

13. intuition-based-work-is-bad-science

14. how-science-explains-near-death-experiences

15. just-studies-are-different-from-thorough-scientific-research

16. lab-scientists-versus-internet-scientists

17. can-you-challenge-science?

18. the-myth-of-ritual-working

19.science-and-superstitions-how-rational-thinking-can-make-you-work -better

20. comets-are-not-harmful-or-bad-omens-so-enjoy-the-clestial-shows

21. explanation-of-mysterious-lights-during-earthquakes

22. science-can-tell-what-constitutes-the-beauty-of-a-rose

23. what-lessons-can-science-learn-from-tragedies-like-these

24. the-specific-traits-of-a-scientific-mind

25. science-and-the-paranormal

26. are-these-inventions-and-discoveries-really-accidental-and-intuitive like the journalists say?

27. how-the-brain-of-a-polymath-copes-with-all-the-things-it-does

28. how-to-make-scientific-research-in-india-a-success-story

29. getting-rid-of-plastic-the-natural-way

30. why-some-interesting-things-happen-in-nature

31. real-life-stories-that-proves-how-science-helps-you

32. Science and trust series:

a. how-to-trust-science-stories-a-guide-for-common-man

b. trust-in-science-what-makes-people-waver

c. standing-up-for-science-showing-reasons-why-science-should-be-trusted

You will find the entire list of discussions here: http://kkartlab.in/group/some-science/forum

( Please go through the comments section below to find scientific research reports posted on a daily basis and watch videos based on science)

Get interactive...

Please contact us if you want us to add any information or scientific explanation on any topic that interests you. We will try our level best to give you the right information.

Our mail ID: kkartlabin@gmail.com

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 17, 2020 at 6:21am: Could the cure for Irritable Bowel Disease be inside your mouth?

From heart disease to diabetes, poor oral health is often a reflection of a person's overall health and may even be the cause of systemic disease

A new collaborative study from the U-M Medical and Dental Schools reveals that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which included Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and afflicts millions of adults around teh world, may be the latest condition made worse by poor oral health. The team has been studying the gut microbiome—the collection of bacteria that are normally present in the gut— for years. It noted an emerging link in research literature between an overgrowth of foreign bacterial species in the guts of people with IBD—bacteria that are normally found in the mouth.

The new mouse study, published in Cell, shows two pathways by which oral bacteria appear to worsen gut inflammation.

In the first pathway, periodontitis, the scientific name for gum disease, leads to an imbalance in the normal healthy microbiome found in the mouth, with an increase of bacteria that cause inflammation. These disease-causing bacteria then travel to the gut.

However, this alone may not be enough to set off gut inflammation. The team demonstrated that oral bacteria may aggravate gut inflammation by looking at microbiome changes in mice with inflamed colons.

The normal gut microbiome resists colonization by exogenous, or foreign, bacteria. However, in mice with IBD, the healthy gut bacteria are disrupted, weakening their ability to resist disease-causing bacteria from the mouth." The team found that mice with both oral and gut inflammation had significantly increased weight loss and more disease activity.

In the second proposed pathway, periodontitis activates the immune system's T cells in the mouth. These mouth T cells travel to the gut where they, too, exacerbate inflammation. The gut's normal microbiome is held in balance by the action of inflammatory and regulatory T cells that are fine-tuned to tolerate the resident bacteria. But oral inflammation generates mostly inflammatory T cells that migrate to the gut, where they, removed from their normal environment, end up triggering the gut's immune response, worsening disease.

"This exacerbation of gut inflammation driven by oral organisms that migrate to the gut has important ramifications in emphasizing to patients the critical need to promote oral health as a part of total body health and wellbeing. This study importantly implies that clinical outcomes in IBD may be improved by monitoring oral inflamation—an intriguing concept.

"The intermucosal connection between the mouth and gut in commensal pathobiont-driven colitis," Cell, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.048

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-ibd-mouth.html?utm_source=nw...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 17, 2020 at 6:06am: Your brain shows if you are lonely or not

Your brain shows if you are lonely or not: A study finds that the closer you feel to people emotionally, the more similarly you represent them in your brain. People who feel social disconnection appear to have a lonelier, neural self-representation.

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-loneliness-brain-social-netw...

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https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-scientists-explanation-baffl...

Scientists propose explanation for baffling form of childhood OCD: Research identifies antibodies that bind to particular brain cells called interneurons as an explanation.

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-savanna-like-landscapes-jet-fuel-brai...

Hunting in savanna-like landscapes may have poured jet fuel on brain evolution

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https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-persistent-dna-placenta-affe...

Persistent DNA damage in the placenta affects pregnancy outcomes

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https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-06-previously-undetected-brain-...

Previously undetected brain pulses may help circuits survive disuse, injury

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-flushing-toilets-clouds-virus-contain...

Flushing toilets create clouds of virus-containing particles

Researchers used a computer simulation to show how a flushing toilet can create a cloud of virus-containing aerosol droplets that is large and widespread and lasts long enough that the droplets could be breathed in by others.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 17, 2020 at 6:01am: Dark Energy Survey detects thousands of low-surface-brightness galaxies

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-dark-energy-survey-thousands-low-surf...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-exomars-unique-green-red-planet.html?...

ExoMars spots unique green glow at the Red Planet

ESA's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter has detected glowing green oxygen in Mars' atmosphere—the first time that this emission has been seen around a planet other than Earth.

On Earth, glowing oxygen is produced during polar auroras when energetic electrons from interplanetary space hit the upper atmosphere. This oxygen-driven emission of light gives polar auroras their beautiful and characteristic green hue.

The aurora, however, is just one way in which planetary atmospheres light up. The atmospheres of planets including Earth and Mars glow constantly during both day and night as sunlight interacts with atoms and molecules within the atmosphere. Day and night glow are caused by slightly different mechanisms: night glow occurs as broken-apart molecules recombine, whereas day glow arises when the sun's light directly excites atoms and molecules such as nitrogen and oxygen.

On Earth, green night glow is quite faint, and so is best seen by looking from an 'edge on' perspective—as portrayed in many spectacular images taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This faintness can be an issue when hunting for it around other planets, as their bright surfaces can drown it out.

This green glow has now been detected for the first time at Mars by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which has been orbiting Mars since October 2016.

Studying the glow of planetary atmospheres can provide a wealth of information about the composition and dynamics of an atmosphere, and reveal how energy is deposited by both the sun's light and the solar wind—the stream of charged particles emanating from our star.

J.-C. Gérard et al. Detection of green line emission in the dayside atmosphere of Mars from NOMAD-TGO observations, Nature Astronomy (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-1123-2

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 9:23am: Why one-size-fits-all diets don’t work – new study

https://theconversation.com/why-one-size-fits-all-diets-dont-work-n...

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https://theconversation.com/autoimmune-diseases-we-discovered-how-t...

Autoimmune diseases: scientists discovered how to turn white blood cells from attacking the body to protecting it

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https://theconversation.com/why-it-could-be-dangerous-to-exercise-w...

Why it could be dangerous to exercise with a face mask on

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https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-crucial-step-toward-pr...

A Crucial Step Toward Preventing Wildlife-Related Pandemics

We need to reform the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

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https://www.the-scientist.com/infographics/infographic-puncture-thi...

Infographic: How Cells Use Decoys to Defend Against Pathogens

Specialized exosomes sop up bacterial toxins, a study finds.

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https://www.sciencealert.com/no-this-2014-mars-photo-does-not-show-...

That 'Human Bone' Found in a NASA Mars Photo Isn't Even New. Here's The Real Story

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:49am: Wounded plants: How they coordinate their healing

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-wounded.html?utm_source=nwletter&...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-growth-world-deepest-photosynthetic-c...

Surprising growth rates discovered in world's deepest photosynthetic corals

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/06/15/biotechnology-in...

Biotechnology innovation during COVID-19

three therapeutic classes that have been especially innovative and disruptive in recent years: adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer, precision oncology drugs and gene therapy. We expect these three categories to transform the standard of care for many difficult-to-treat diseases.

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Almost 90% of astronauts have been men. But the future of space may be female

https://theconversation.com/almost-90-of-astronauts-have-been-men-b...

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https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-is-time-travel-possible-fo...

is time travel possible for humans?

https://theconversation.com/time-travel-is-possible-but-only-if-you...

Time travel is possible – but only if you have an object with infinite mass

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:46am: Gametophytic pollen tube guidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDbmWz0t9rg&feature=emb_logo

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:30am: New species extinction target proposed for global nature rescue plan

In proposals published today in the journal Science, conservation experts are suggesting a long-term goal to reduce species extinctions towards natural rates, with an easily measurable objective of fewer than 20 extinctions a year.

It would apply to all described species across the major taxonomic groups (fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates) and ecosystem types, whether freshwater, marine or terrestrial.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-species-extinction-global-nature.html...

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Measuring the spin of a black hole

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-black-hole.html

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-young-embryos-quality.html?utm_source...

How young embryos conduct quality control to become healthy fetuses ...

The first few days of embryonic development are a critical point for determining the failure or success of a pregnancy. Because relatively few cells make up the embryo during this period, the health of each cell is vital to the health of the overall embryo. But often, these young cells have chromosomal aneuploidies—meaning, there are too many or too few chromosome copies in the cell. Aneuploid cells lead to the failure of the pregnancy, or cause developmental defects such as Down syndrome later in gestation.

Researchers have found that the prevalence of aneuploidy is drastically lower as the embryo grows and develops

aneuploid cells are under chronic stress due to an imbalance in the production of proteins caused by the abnormal number of chromosomes. This stress in turn activates a process called autophagy that leads to the death of the abnormal cells.

Shruti Singla et al. Autophagy-mediated apoptosis eliminates aneuploid cells in a mouse model of chromosome mosaicism, Nature Communications (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16796-3

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:23am: How insulin works to control your blood sugar

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Coronavirus: Under the microscope

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 7:46am: Why West Antarctica is warming faster than East Antarctica

A team of researchers has found a possible reason for West Antarctica warming faster than East Antarctica. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes their study of surface and air temperature trends in the region over the past several decades in which they applied math models to the problem, and what they found.

Scientists have known for some time that Antarctica has been warming asymmetrically due to global warming, but they have not known why. To find an explanation for the differences, the researchers began with the assumption that such differences were likely due to natural climate variability To find out if this might be the case, they carried out a two-part study.

The first part of the study involved studying climate data for the region over the years 1958 to 2012. Their goal was to see if they could spot trends. The second part of the study involved applying an empirical orthogonal function to the weather data to explain variability over time. In so doing, they found that warming sea surface temperatures in the Bellingshausen Antarctic and Amundsen seas appeared to be a driving force behind the asymmetrical warming. They also found variability in surface air temperatures over the course of multiple decades, which they attributed to climate fluctuations in the tropics (such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation)—they suggest such fluctuations also likely play a role in differences in the amount of warming in Antarctica.

More specifically, the researchers found that the asymmetric conditions originated from the harmony of the feedback between the atmosphere over the ocean versus that over the terrain. And warmer sea temperatures near the western parts of Antarctica had a positive feedback with the upper atmospheric conditions found over the western parts of the region. And finally, they report that the strength of the feedback in the region was controlled by the topography and an annual cycle. They conclude their assessment by suggesting that the climate differences that have been observed in the region are likely due to natural climate variability factors responding to global warming.

The researchers also suggest that natural climate factors could also result in spikes in temperatures over the eastern parts of Antarctic in the coming years, even as western parts of the region continue to see rising temperatures. They note that such conditions could lead to ice sheet collapse, adding to a rise in sea levels.

A possible explanation for why West Antarctica is warming faster th...

Sang-Yoon Jun et al. The internal origin of the west-east asymmetry of Antarctic climate change, Science Advances (2020). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1490

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 7:35am: Disclosure of climate-related financial risks not enough to drive action

While risk disclosure can support a market-driven transition towards a more sustainable financial system, it is only one part of the puzzle. To ensure its success the TCFD Framework should be updated to incorporate consideration of other crucial factors."

The study identified that in addition to disclosure, it is equally important to ensure the appropriate incentives to disclose, the mechanisms to enable market discipline and supply chain compliance.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-disclosure-climate-related-financial-...

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Scientists discover three-dimensional structure in smaller water droplet

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-three-dimensional-smaller-...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-history-insightful-hiv-neutron-approa...

History of insightful HIV research inspires neutron scattering approach to studying COVID-19

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https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-ai-algorithm-age-photos-wrinkle...

AI algorithm identifies age of faces in photos using wrinkles, spots

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The first programming language for quantum computers

https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-intuitive-language-quantum.html