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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 8:25am

Loneliness Impacts DNA Repair
Social stress takes a toll on chromosomes, affects aging
Humans experiencing high levels of social stress and deprivation have shorter telomeres.

Telomeres are the protective caps at the end of chromosomes which are the best indicators of biological age (cell age) as against chronological age.

Scientists say the length of telomeres is crucial in deciding biological age - long ones indicate healthy ageing, short ones indicate some form of irreparable damage.

Several studies suggest that telomere shortening is accelerated by stress but until now no studies examined the effects of social isolation on telomere shortening.

To test whether social isolation accelerates telomere shortening, Denise Aydinonat, a doctorate student at the Vetmeduni Vienna conducted a study using DNA samples that she collected from African grey parrots during routine check-ups.

African greys are highly social birds, but they are often reared and kept in isolation from other parrots. She and her collaborators compared the telomere lengths of single birds versus pair-housed individuals with a broad range of ages (from 1 to 45 years).

The telomere lengths of older birds were shorter compared to younger birds, regardless of their housing.

But the important finding of the study was that single-housed birds had shorter telomeres than pair-housed individuals of the same age group.

Dustin Penn from the Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology at the Vetmeduni Vienna said, "This study is the first to examine the effects of social isolation on telomere length in any species."

Penn and his team previously conducted experiments on mice which were the first to show that exposure to crowding stress causes telomere shortening. He points out that this new finding suggests that both extremes of social conditions affect telomere attrition.

There is extensive scientific evidence showing the strong correlation between the percentage of short telomeres and the risk of developing diseases associated with ageing, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's.

In turn, lifestyle habits (nutrition, obesity and exercise) are increasingly being shown to impact telomere length.

Telomeres shorten with each cell division, and once a critical length is reached, cells are unable to divide further. Although cellular senescence is a useful mechanism to eliminate worn-out cells, it appears to contribute to aging and mortality.
http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at/

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 8:23am

Social stress takes a toll on chromosomes, affects aging
Humans experiencing high levels of social stress and deprivation have shorter telomeres.

Telomeres are the protective caps at the end of chromosomes which are the best indicators of biological age (cell age) as against chronological age.

Scientists say the length of telomeres is crucial in deciding biological age - long ones indicate healthy ageing, short ones indicate some form of irreparable damage.

Several studies suggest that telomere shortening is accelerated by stress but until now no studies examined the effects of social isolation on telomere shortening.

To test whether social isolation accelerates telomere shortening, Denise Aydinonat, a doctorate student at the Vetmeduni Vienna conducted a study using DNA samples that she collected from African grey parrots during routine check-ups.

African greys are highly social birds, but they are often reared and kept in isolation from other parrots. She and her collaborators compared the telomere lengths of single birds versus pair-housed individuals with a broad range of ages (from 1 to 45 years).

The telomere lengths of older birds were shorter compared to younger birds, regardless of their housing.

But the important finding of the study was that single-housed birds had shorter telomeres than pair-housed individuals of the same age group.

Dustin Penn from the Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology at the Vetmeduni Vienna said, "This study is the first to examine the effects of social isolation on telomere length in any species."

Penn and his team previously conducted experiments on mice which were the first to show that exposure to crowding stress causes telomere shortening. He points out that this new finding suggests that both extremes of social conditions affect telomere attrition.

There is extensive scientific evidence showing the strong correlation between the percentage of short telomeres and the risk of developing diseases associated with ageing, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's.

In turn, lifestyle habits (nutrition, obesity and exercise) are increasingly being shown to impact telomere length.

Telomeres shorten with each cell division, and once a critical length is reached, cells are unable to divide further. Although cellular senescence is a useful mechanism to eliminate worn-out cells, it appears to contribute to aging and mortality.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 6:07am

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:51am

Seeing Stars: Matthew Effects and Status Bias in Major League Baseball Umpiring
Now research reveals that even top-notch umps are subject to decision-making bias, often in a game’s most important moments.
A team of Northwestern and Columbia university researchers analyzed more than 700,000 pitches thrown during the 2008 and 2009 seasons. They found that umpires called about 14 percent of nonswinging pitches wrong. And umps were least accurate when the game was on the line in the ninth inning and when calling a strike would end an at-bat. They also tended to favor All-Star pitchers, especially those with a reputation for good control.

Of course, there’s no way to know how challenging a handful of the hundreds of pitches thrown in any given game would affect the outcome. And you might create a different umpire bias—against managers who demand too many replays.
http://www.jerry-kim.net/2014/03/24/seeing-stars-matthew-effects-an...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:40am

How Can Cities Protect Themselves against Gas Explosions?
Leaks are surprisingly common in aging urban underground pipe networks
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-can-cities-protect-th...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 8, 2014 at 5:39am

Segue 1: An Unevolved Fossil Galaxy from the Early Universe
Fossil Galaxy May Be One of First Ever Formed
The stars in the nearby Segue 1 dwarf galaxy have fewer metals than any other galaxy known, suggesting the object is a relic from the baby universe
http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.6116

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 7, 2014 at 9:04am

A University of Colorado Cancer Center study recently published in the journal Cell Reports and presented today at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Conference 2014 shows that the cellular process of autophagy in which cells "eat" parts of themselves in times of stress may allow cancer cells to recover and divide rather than die when faced with chemotherapies. Autophagy, from the Greek "to eat oneself," is a process of cellular recycling in which cell organelles called autophagosomes encapsulate extra or dangerous material and transport it to the cell's lysosomes for disposable. Like tearing apart a Lego kit, autophagy breaks down unneeded cellular components into building blocks of energy or proteins for use in surviving times of low energy or staying safe from poisons and pathogens (among other uses).

Zombie cancer cells eat themselves to live
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/04/06/zombie.cancer.cells.eat...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 7, 2014 at 8:51am

Eco-friendly cement by recycling old ones
Discarded toilets, along with other ceramic waste such as basins, stoneware and bricks, can be recycled into an eco-friendly form of cement, scientists say.

The method involves grinding the ceramic waste and mixing it with an activator solution and water. The mixture is then poured into a mould and subjected to a high-temperature hardening process. Researchers conducted tests with items made from red-clay brick waste and found the cement was actually stronger than types that are currently in common use, 'Gizmag' reported. They are still evaluating the strength of cement made with other forms of ceramic waste.

Currently, researchers are using sodium hydroxide or sodium silicate as activators. The researchers, from Spain's Universitat Politecnica de Valencia and Universitat Jaume I de Castellon, Imperial College of London, and the Universidade Estadual Paulista of Sao Paulo in Brazil Spain, the UK and Brazil, are looking into using rice husk ash as an activator. If it could be used, the result would be a cement made entirely from waste materials. The eco-friendly cement could be used as an alternative to Portland cement, which is the world's most widely used form of cement, they said. Production of Portland cement releases large amounts of carbon dioxide, and the material is considered a major contributor to global warming.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Eco-friendly-cement...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 7, 2014 at 6:19am

Science does educational theatre with a bang
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26884833

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on April 7, 2014 at 6:17am

Depression increases heart failure risk by 40 percent
Moderate to severe depression increases the risk of heart failure by 40%, a study of nearly 63,000 Norwegians has shown. The findings were presented for the first time today at EuroHeartCare 2014.
"We found a dose response relationship between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing heart failure. That means that the more depressed you feel, the more you are at risk."
http://esciencenews.com/articles/2014/04/05/depression.increases.he...

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