SCI-ART LAB

Science, Art, Litt, Science based Art & Science Communication

Information

Science Simplified!

                       JAI VIGNAN

All about Science - to remove misconceptions and encourage scientific temper

Communicating science to the common people

'To make  them see the world differently through the beautiful lense of  science'

Members: 22
Latest Activity: 20 hours ago

         WE LOVE SCIENCE HERE BECAUSE IT IS A MANY SPLENDOURED THING

     THIS  IS A WAR ZONE WHERE SCIENCE FIGHTS WITH NONSENSE AND WINS                                               

“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.”             

                    "Being a scientist is a state of mind, not a profession!"

                  "Science, when it's done right, can yield amazing things".

         The Reach of Scientific Research From Labs to Laymen

The aim of science is not only to open a door to infinite knowledge and                                     wisdom but to set a limit to infinite error.

"Knowledge is a Superpower but the irony is you cannot get enough of it with ever increasing data base unless you try to keep up with it constantly and in the right way!" The best education comes from learning from people who know what they are exactly talking about.

Science is this glorious adventure into the unknown, the opportunity to discover things that nobody knew before. And that’s just an experience that’s not to be missed. But it’s also a motivated effort to try to help humankind. And maybe that’s just by increasing human knowledge—because that’s a way to make us a nobler species.

If you are scientifically literate the world looks very different to you.

We do science and science communication not because they are easy but because they are difficult!

“Science is not a subject you studied in school. It’s life. We 're brought into existence by it!"

 Links to some important articles :

1. Interactive science series...

a. how-to-do-research-and-write-research-papers-part 13

b. Some Qs people asked me on science and my replies to them...

Part 6part-10part-11part-12, part 14  ,  part- 8

part- 1part-2part-4part-5part-16part-17part-18 , part-19 , part-20

part-21 , part-22part-23part-24part-25part-26part-27 , part-28

part-29part-30part-31part-32part-33part-34part-35part-36part-37,

 part-38part-40part-41part-42part-43part-44part-45part-46part-47

Part 48 part49Critical thinking -part 50 , part -51part-52part-53

part-54part-55part-57part-58part-59part-60part-61part-62part-63

part 64, part-65part-66part-67part-68part 69part-70 part-71part-73 ...

.......306

BP variations during pregnancy part-72

who is responsible for the gender of  their children - a man or a woman -part-56

c. some-questions-people-asked-me-on-science-based-on-my-art-and-poems -part-7

d. science-s-rules-are-unyielding-they-will-not-be-bent-for-anybody-part-3-

e. debate-between-scientists-and-people-who-practice-and-propagate-pseudo-science - part -9

f. why astrology is pseudo-science part 15

g. How Science is demolishing patriarchal ideas - part-39

2. in-defence-of-mangalyaan-why-even-developing-countries-like-india need space research programmes

3. Science communication series:

a. science-communication - part 1

b. how-scienitsts-should-communicate-with-laymen - part 2

c. main-challenges-of-science-communication-and-how-to-overcome-them - part 3

d. the-importance-of-science-communication-through-art- part 4

e. why-science-communication-is-geting worse - part  5

f. why-science-journalism-is-not-taken-seriously-in-this-part-of-the-world - part 6

g. blogs-the-best-bet-to-communicate-science-by-scientists- part 7

h. why-it-is-difficult-for-scientists-to-debate-controversial-issues - part 8

i. science-writers-and-communicators-where-are-you - part 9

j. shooting-the-messengers-for-a-different-reason-for-conveying-the- part 10

k. why-is-science-journalism-different-from-other-forms-of-journalism - part 11

l.  golden-rules-of-science-communication- Part 12

m. science-writers-should-develop-a-broader-view-to-put-things-in-th - part 13

n. an-informed-patient-is-the-most-cooperative-one -part 14

o. the-risks-scientists-will-have-to-face-while-communicating-science - part 15

p. the-most-difficult-part-of-science-communication - part 16

q. clarity-on-who-you-are-writing-for-is-important-before-sitting-to write a science story - part 17

r. science-communicators-get-thick-skinned-to-communicate-science-without-any-bias - part 18

s. is-post-truth-another-name-for-science-communication-failure?

t. why-is-it-difficult-for-scientists-to-have-high-eqs

u. art-and-literature-as-effective-aids-in-science-communication-and teaching

v.* some-qs-people-asked-me-on-science communication-and-my-replies-to-them

 ** qs-people-asked-me-on-science-and-my-replies-to-them-part-173

w. why-motivated-perception-influences-your-understanding-of-science

x. science-communication-in-uncertain-times

y. sci-com: why-keep-a-dog-and-bark-yourself

z. How to deal with sci com dilemmas?

 A+. sci-com-what-makes-a-story-news-worthy-in-science

 B+. is-a-perfect-language-important-in-writing-science-stories

C+. sci-com-how-much-entertainment-is-too-much-while-communicating-sc

D+. sci-com-why-can-t-everybody-understand-science-in-the-same-way

E+. how-to-successfully-negotiate-the-science-communication-maze

4. Health related topics:

a. why-antibiotic-resistance-is-increasing-and-how-scientists-are-tr

b. what-might-happen-when-you-take-lots-of-medicines

c. know-your-cesarean-facts-ladies

d. right-facts-about-menstruation

e. answer-to-the-question-why-on-big-c

f. how-scientists-are-identifying-new-preventive-measures-and-cures-

g. what-if-little-creatures-high-jack-your-brain-and-try-to-control-

h. who-knows-better?

i. mycotoxicoses

j. immunotherapy

k. can-rust-from-old-drinking-water-pipes-cause-health-problems

l. pvc-and-cpvc-pipes-should-not-be-used-for-drinking-water-supply

m. melioidosis

n.vaccine-woes

o. desensitization-and-transplant-success-story

p. do-you-think-the-medicines-you-are-taking-are-perfectly-alright-then revisit your position!

q. swine-flu-the-difficlulties-we-still-face-while-tackling-the-outb

r. dump-this-useless-information-into-a-garbage-bin-if-you-really-care about evidence based medicine

s. don-t-ignore-these-head-injuries

t. the-detoxification-scam

u. allergic- agony-caused-by-caterpillars-and-moths

General science: 

a.why-do-water-bodies-suddenly-change-colour

b. don-t-knock-down-your-own-life-line

c. the-most-menacing-animal-in-the-world

d. how-exo-planets-are-detected

e. the-importance-of-earth-s-magnetic-field

f. saving-tigers-from-extinction-is-still-a-travail

g. the-importance-of-snakes-in-our-eco-systems

h. understanding-reverse-osmosis

i. the-importance-of-microbiomes

j. crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technique-a-boon-to-fixing-defective-gen

k. biomimicry-a-solution-to-some-of-our-problems

5. the-dilemmas-scientists-face

6. why-we-get-contradictory-reports-in-science

7. be-alert-pseudo-science-and-anti-science-are-on-prowl

8. science-will-answer-your-questions-and-solve-your-problems

9. how-science-debunks-baseless-beliefs

10. climate-science-and-its-relevance

11. the-road-to-a-healthy-life

12. relative-truth-about-gm-crops-and-foods

13. intuition-based-work-is-bad-science

14. how-science-explains-near-death-experiences

15. just-studies-are-different-from-thorough-scientific-research

16. lab-scientists-versus-internet-scientists

17. can-you-challenge-science?

18. the-myth-of-ritual-working

19.science-and-superstitions-how-rational-thinking-can-make-you-work-better

20. comets-are-not-harmful-or-bad-omens-so-enjoy-the-clestial-shows

21. explanation-of-mysterious-lights-during-earthquakes

22. science-can-tell-what-constitutes-the-beauty-of-a-rose

23. what-lessons-can-science-learn-from-tragedies-like-these

24. the-specific-traits-of-a-scientific-mind

25. science-and-the-paranormal

26. are-these-inventions-and-discoveries-really-accidental-and-intuitive like the journalists say?

27. how-the-brain-of-a-polymath-copes-with-all-the-things-it-does

28. how-to-make-scientific-research-in-india-a-success-story

29. getting-rid-of-plastic-the-natural-way

30. why-some-interesting-things-happen-in-nature

31. real-life-stories-that-proves-how-science-helps-you

32. Science and trust series:

a. how-to-trust-science-stories-a-guide-for-common-man

b. trust-in-science-what-makes-people-waver

c. standing-up-for-science-showing-reasons-why-science-should-be-trusted

You will find the entire list of discussions here: http://kkartlab.in/group/some-science/forum

( Please go through the comments section below to find scientific research  reports posted on a daily basis and watch videos based on science)

Get interactive...

Please contact us if you want us to add any information or scientific explanation on any topic that interests you. We will try our level best to give you the right information.

Our mail ID: kkartlabin@gmail.com

Discussion Forum

The very certainty that science progresses with time should be the basis for trust, not the other way round.

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 21 hours ago. 1 Reply

Q: Why do people say you can't trust science because it changes, and how does that contrast with religious beliefs?Krishna: “Because it changes” - if you don’t understand why the changes occur, you…Continue

Maternal gut microbiome composition and preterm births

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Thursday. 1 Reply

Maternal gut microbiome composition may be linked to preterm birthsPeople associate several things regarding pregnancy to eclipses and other natural phenomenon. They also associate them with papaya…Continue

Our understanding of lightning has been driven by fear and shaped by curiosity

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa Sep 9. 1 Reply

Playwright Tom Stoppard, in "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead," provides one of the…Continue

The words ‘Just believing’ are not there in the dictionaries of science

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa Sep 6. 1 Reply

Q: Why do some people find comfort in the idea of being "recycled" into nature rather than believing in an afterlife?Krishna: Because ‘"recycled" into nature’ is an evidence based fact and people…Continue

Comment Wall

Comment

You need to be a member of Science Simplified! to add comments!

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 14, 2020 at 6:28am

Hornwort genomes could lead to crop improvement

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-hornwort-genomes-crop.html?utm_source...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-sperm-dad-genome-merge-mom.html?utm_s...

How sperm unpack dad's genome so it can merge with mom's

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-tune-greenness-quality.html?utm_sourc...

How plants tune their greenness to light quality

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-natural-killer-cells-halt-pa...

'Natural killer' cells could halt Parkinson's progression: Researchers  have found that "natural killer" white blood cells could guard against the cascade of cellular changes that lead to Parkinson's disease and help stop its progression.

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-smart-bones-fracture.html?ut...

Smart bones curve to protect against fracture

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-mimicking-cancer-evasive-tac...

Mimicking cancer's evasive tactics, microparticles show promise for transplant rejection

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-obesity-microbes-alternative...

Solving obesity: Could manipulating microbes offer an alternative to weight loss surgery?

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-brain-cells-infrastructure-m...

How brain cells lay down infrastructure to grow and create memories

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 14, 2020 at 5:59am

Invisible plastics in water ... even in the water your drink ...

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-invisible-plastics.html?utm_source=nw...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-first-time-proof-chemical-reactions-p...

First-time direct proof of chemical reactions in particulates

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-raman-microspectroscopy-rapidly-disea...

Using Raman microspectroscopy to rapidly detect disease-causing bacteria

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have developed a method to rapidly identify and check whether a disease-causing bacterium is alive or dead.

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-cells-quiet.html?utm_source=nwletter&...

How T cells make sure they have quiet time

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-microscopy-technique-uncovers-previou...

New microscopy technique uncovers previously hidden information in micrographs of biological cells

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-reveals-antibiotic-resistance-evolves...

Study reveals how antibiotic resistance evolves and spreads in 'top priority' superbug

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-long-term-analysis-gm-cotton-insects....

Long-term analysis shows GM cotton no match for insects in India

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-alarm-danger.html?utm_source=nwletter...

How plants sound the alarm about danger

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 13, 2020 at 8:01am

How chronic stress changes the brain – and what you can do to reverse the damage

https://theconversation.com/how-chronic-stress-changes-the-brain-an...

--

https://theconversation.com/will-warmer-weather-stop-the-spread-of-...

Will warmer weather stop the spread of coronavirus?

--

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/starlink-spacex-satellites-amaz...

New fleets of private satellites are clogging the night sky

Global internet satellites are photobombing telescopes and messing with astronomers’ research 

--

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00709-x?utm_source=Natur...

Hundreds of scientists have peer-reviewed for predatory journals

Many of these titles have some editorial oversight — but the quality of reviews is in question.
--
https://www.sciencealert.com/microbes-survive-in-the-extremes-of-ea...

Microbial Life Has Been Found Deep in Earth's Crust Beneath The Ocean Floor

--

https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-find-incredibly-ancient-bla...

Ancient Supermassive Black Hole Has Its Particle Beam Aimed Right at Earth

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-ice-age.html?utm_source=nwletter&...

What causes an ice age to end? Find the answer ...

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-associative-memory-brain.htm...

How associative fear memory is formed in the brain

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-puzzle-nitrogen-cometary-analogs.html...

Puzzle about nitrogen solved thanks to cometary analogs

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 13, 2020 at 7:17am

Metabolic fossils from the origin of life

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-metabolic-fossils-life.html?utm_sourc...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-forge-weapon-parasites-infections.htm...

Researchers forge a new weapon to fight parasites and other infections

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-aging-nutrients-competition-microbiot...

Aging and nutrients competition determine changes in microbiota

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-link-motor-neuron.html?utm_source=nwl...

Researchers study the link between motor neuron activation and speed

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-dirty-air-gain-weight.html?u...

Breathing dirty air takes a heavy toll on gut bacteria, boosting risk of obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders and other chronic illnesses

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-statins-starve-cancer-cells-...

Statins starve cancer cells to death

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-cancer-immune-tumors-remotel...

Cancer: The immune system attacks tumors remotely

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-molds-lung-barrier-spur-futu...

Molds damage the lung's protective barrier to spur future asthma attacks

--

Interesting story: Indian amputee's new limbs from a man adapt to her body and became almost 'female"

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-hand-made-tale-indian-ampute...

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-affect-falling.html?utm_sour...

Sound can directly affect balance and deafness can lead to risk of falling

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 13, 2020 at 6:35am

Researchers create focus-free camera with new flat lens

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-focus-free-camera-flat-lens.html?utm_...

--

Scientists discover the mathematical rules underpinning brain growth

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-scientists-mathematical-underpinning-...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-earth-mantle-core-planet-early.html?u...

New theory: Earth's mantle, not its core, may have generated planet's early magnetic field

--

Biocontrol: New aflatoxin biocontrol product lowers contamination of groundnut and maize

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-aflatoxin-biocontrol-product-lowers-c...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-india-chandrayaan-highest-resolution-...

You have to see the pics to believe this: India's Chandrayaan 2 is creating the highest-resolution map we have of the moon

--

https://techxplore.com/news/2020-03-hack-siri-google-ultrasonic.htm...

Research finds a new way to hack Siri and Google Assistant with ultrasonic waves

--

https://techxplore.com/news/2020-03-fast-charging-electric-car-batt...

Fast-charging damages electric car batteries: Commercial fast-charging stations subject electric car batteries to high temperatures and high resistance that can cause them to crack, leak, and lose their storage capacity

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-spillway-electrons-lithium-metal-batt...

'Spillway' for electrons could keep lithium metal batteries from catching fire

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-hero-proteins.html?utm_source=nwlette...

Hero proteins are here to save other proteins: Researchers have discovered a new group of proteins, remarkable for their unusual shape and abilities to protect against protein clumps associated with neurodegenerative diseases

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 13, 2020 at 5:52am

New nano strategy fights superbugs: It's not enough to take antibiotic-resistant bacteria out of wastewater to eliminate the risks they pose to society. The bits they leave behind have to be destroyed as well. 

Researchers at Rice University's Brown School of Engineering have a new strategy for "trapping and zapping" antibiotic resistant genes, the pieces of bacteria that, even though theirs hosts are dead, can find their way into and boost the resistance of other bacteria.

The team led by Rice environmental engineer Pedro Alvarez is using molecular-imprinted graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets to absorb and degrade these genetic remnants in sewage system wastewater before they have the chance to invade and infect other bacteria.

The researchers targeted plasmid-encoded antibiotic-resistant genes (ARG) coding for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM1), known to resist multiple drugs. When mixed in solution with the ARGs and exposed to ultraviolet light, the treated nanosheets proved 37 times better at destroying the genes than graphitic carbon nitride alone. "Unfortunately, some superbugs resist chlorination, and resistant bacteria that die release extracellular ARGs that get stabilized by clay in receiving environments and transform indigenous , becoming resistome reservoirs. "In this paper, we discuss a trap-and-zap strategy to destroy extracellular ARGs. Our strategy is to use molecularly imprinted coatings that enhance selectivity and minimize interference by background organic compounds."

Molecular imprinting is like making a lock that attracts a key, not unlike natural enzymes with binding sites that only fit molecules of the right shape. For this project, graphitic carbon nitride molecules are the lock, or photocatalyst, customized to absorb and then destroy NDM1.

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-nano-strategy-superbugs.html?utm_sour...

Two-pronged attack on DNA repair could kill drug-resistant cancers

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-two-pronged-dna-drug-resista...

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-coronavirus-surfaces-days.ht...

Tests show new coronavirus lives on some surfaces for up to three days

--

Heat and light create new biocompatible microparticles:

Heat & light create new biocompatible microparticles. Biomedical engineers have devised a method that is safe for living tissues that will allow them to create new shapes attractive for drug delivery, diagnostics and tissue engineering.

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-biocompatible-microparticles.html?utm...

--

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 12, 2020 at 7:33am

Genetics research sheds light on 'dark' portion of genome

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-genetics-dark-portion-genome.html?utm...

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-reveals-delicate-dynamic-con...

Study reveals a delicate dance of dynamic changes in the conscious brain

--

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-patching-flat-herniated-disc...

New fix heals herniated discs: A new two-step technique to repair herniated discs uses hyaluronic acid gel to re-inflate the disc and collagen gel to seal the hole, essentially repairing ruptured discs like you'd repair a flat tire.

--

https://www.vox.com/2018/8/21/17588092/vaccines-science-community-e...

The scientific community strongly supports the use of vaccines, based on decades of experience and research showing vaccines are effective and safe.

--

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-potential-universal-flu-vaccine-just...

A Potential Universal Flu Vaccine Just Passed an Important Clinical Trial

--

https://www.sciencealert.com/hiv-cured-london-man-still-has-no-trac...

Second Person Declared 'Cured' of HIV, With No Trace of Infection After Nearly 3 Years

--

What’s the difference between pandemic, epidemic and outbreak?

https://theconversation.com/whats-the-difference-between-pandemic-e...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-mechanical-animal-origami-precisely-n...

Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) in Japan have identified a new mechanism that helps animals to develop with precise and constant form.

A new mechanism that helps animals to develop with precise and constant form.

--

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 12, 2020 at 7:18am

Even concerned consumers don't know which food choices have the lowest climate impact

The energy used to grow, process, package and transport food accounts for about a quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions. But not all food is equally carbon-intensive. Researchers can measure the impact of different food choices at each stage of their journey—from farm to fork—to work out their carbon footprint.

Experts suggest that, to reduce your -related carbon footprint, the best dietary changes to make include replacing red meat and dairy products with plant-based alternatives, and avoiding products that are flown in, or grown in a commercial greenhouse.

Well-intentioned but misinformed

For one, corporate sustainability campaigns tend to shift responsibility onto consumers by focusing on reusing and recycling packaging. This has the obvious appeal of presenting no risk to a company's bottom line. Although reducing the amount of plastic packaging that ends up in landfill is important, it's unlikely to make much difference to climate change.

What should we do when the organic vegetables are wrapped in plastic and non-organic ones aren't? Or when the milk-based yogurt pot is decorated with a landscape of happy cows wandering free in lush fields, while the plainly packaged soy yogurt conjures images of the Amazon burning to ashes? What about when the fresh bananas arrive from Ecuador but the local Scottish strawberries are kept in the freezer? Whether it's plastic packaging versus , animal welfare versus deforestation, or travel miles versus energy consumption, there is a lot to consider.

Another cause for confusion might be the nature of advice given by climate experts. Often, the climate impact of food choices is presented in terms of grams of greenhouse gas emissions.

We found that people were confused when they were asked "how many grams of greenhouse gas emissions could be saved by growing 1 kg of produce organically instead of conventionally?", or "packing 1 kg of produce into a paper bag instead of plastic"? They were less confused and could answer more accurately when asked the same questions about the percentage of the greenhouse gas emissions that could be saved.

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-consumers-dont-food-choices-lowest.ht...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 12, 2020 at 6:56am

Microbial DNA in patient blood may be tell-tale sign of cancer

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-microbial-dna-patient-blood-...

--

Making choices becomes a lot easier when we have heuristics, or simple rules of thumb. One example is the five-a-day rule, which encourages people to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables each day. It's much easier to follow than weighing and adding up your daily intake of different fruits and vegetables to see if you've consumed the necessary amount in grams.

Popularising simple rules of thumb—like replace red meat and dairy with plant-based products—helps people skip the stupefying step of computing the complex carbon footprint of every single meal they eat. They allow people to make fast and effective decisions about what to eat.

If you want to reduce the climate impact of our food choices, try to replace  and dairy with plant-based products more often, and avoid products that are flown in or grown in a greenhouse. These choices would be good for the climate, with the added bonus of being good for your health.

Heuristics are remarkably effective compared to more complex strategies for making decisions. According to research in psychology, this is probably due to them being easier to remember, implement in different situations, and stick to over time.

Microbes far beneath the seafloor rely on recycling to survive

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-microbes-beneath-seafloor-recycling-s...

--

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-amazon-collapse-years.html?utm_source...

Close to tipping point, Amazon could collapse in 50 years

--

Building blocks for life on Earth arrived much later than we thought, billion-year-old rocks show

https://phys.org/news/2020-03-blocks-life-earth-thought-billion-yea...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on March 11, 2020 at 10:23am

 

Members (22)

 
 
 

Badge

Loading…

© 2025   Created by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa.   Powered by

Badges  |  Report an Issue  |  Terms of Service