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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 14, 2014 at 8:49am

Seven mind-scrambling science ideas only geniuses can understand
https://metro.co.uk/2014/12/13/seven-mind-scrambling-science-ideas-...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 14, 2014 at 6:16am

Researchers use real data rather than theory to measure the cosmos
For the first time researchers have measured large distances in the Universe using data, rather than calculations related to general relativity.

A research team from Imperial College London and the University of Barcelona has used data from astronomical surveys to measure a standard distance that is central to our understanding of the expansion of the universe.
-Imperial College London

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 12, 2014 at 9:25am

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 12, 2014 at 9:03am

Rosetta's new light on Cometary Origins of Earth’s Oceans

The provenance of water and organic compounds on the Earth and other terrestrial planets has been discussed for a long time without reaching a consensus. One of the best means to distinguish between different scenarios is by determining the D/H ratios in the reservoirs for comets and the Earth’s oceans. Here we report the direct in situ measurement of the D/H ratio in the Jupiter family comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by the ROSINA mass spectrometer aboard ESA’s Rosetta spacecraft, which is found to be (5.3 ± 0.7) × 10⁻⁴, that is, ~3 times the terrestrial value. Previous cometary measurements and our new finding suggest a wide range of D/H ratios in the water within Jupiter family objects and preclude the idea that this reservoir is solely composed of Earth ocean-like water.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2014/12/09/science.1261952

In the case of Earth’s oceans, it may not be either comets or asteroids that delivered them, but rather a significant mixture of both.

But the results form Rosetta show comets are not likely to have come through asteroid collisions. The water on Earth has a particular ratio of molecular isotopes - normal water and heavy water - and the water found on 67P has a ratio three times greater. This almost certainly rules out comets as source of earth's water.

Rosetta casts doubt on comets as Earth’s water providers

Comet 67P’s atmosphere contains a surprisingly high fraction of deuterium

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/rosetta-casts-doubt-comets-eart...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 12, 2014 at 8:52am

Scientists crack stem cell reprogramming code
A Canadian-led international team of researchers has begun solving the mystery of just how a specialized cell taken from a person’s skin is reprogrammed into an embryonic-like stem cell, from which virtually any other cell type in the body can be generated.

The research is being touted as a breakthrough in regenerative medicine that will allow scientists to one day harness stem cells to treat or even cure a host of conditions, from blindness and Parkinson’s disease to diabetes and spinal cord injuries.

Besides creating the reprogramming roadmap, the scientists also identified a new type of stem cell, called an F-class stem cell due to its fuzzy appearance. Their work is detailed in five papers published on 10th Dec., 2014 in the prestigious journals Nature and Nature Communications.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 12, 2014 at 8:36am

A flock of genomes
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6215/1308
A remarkable international effort to map out the avian tree of life has revealed how birds evolved after the mass extinction that wiped out the dinosaurs into more than 10,000 species alive today. More than 200 scientists in 20 countries joined forces to create the evolutionary tree, which reveals how birds gained their colourful feathers, lost their teeth, and learned to sing songs.

The project has thrown up extraordinary similarities between the brain circuits that allow humans to speak and those that give some birds song: a case of common biology being arrived at via different evolutionary routes.
Members of the project, named the Avian Phylogenomics Consortium, published the family tree and their analysis on Thursday in eight main papers in the journal Science, and in more than 20 others in different scientific journals.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 11, 2014 at 8:47am

Even in Our Digital Age, Early Parental Writing Support Is Key to Children's Literacy
A new Tel Aviv University study says that preschoolers should be encouraged to write at a young age — even before they make their first step into a classroom.

A new study published in the Early Childhood Research Quarterly explains why early writing, preceding any formal education, plays an instrumental role in improving a child's literacy level, vocabulary, and fine motor skills. The research, conducted by Prof. Dorit Aram of TAU's Jaime and Joan Constantiner School of Education in collaboration with Prof. Samantha W. Bindman of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and other colleagues in the US, assessed the merits of early parental mediation of children's literacy and language in English, and recommended useful techniques to that end.
http://www.sciguru.org/newsitem/18089/even-our-digital-age-early-pa...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 11, 2014 at 8:38am

Cilia and Diseases
In recent decades, cilia have moved from relative obscurity to a position of importance for understanding multiple complex human diseases. Now termed the ciliopathies, these diseases inflict devastating effects on millions of people worldwide. In this review, written primarily for teachers and students who may not yet be aware of the recent exciting developments in this field, we provide a general overview of our current understanding of cilia and human disease. We start with an introduction to cilia structure and assembly and indicate where they are found in the human body. We then discuss the clinical features of selected ciliopathies, with an emphasis on primary ciliary dyskinesia, polycystic kidney disease, and retinal degeneration. The history of ciliopathy research involves a fascinating interplay between basic and clinical sciences, highlighted in a timeline. Finally, we summarize the relative strengths of individual model organisms for ciliopathy research; many of these are suitable for classroom use.
http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/64/12/1126
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-scientists-are-blamin...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 11, 2014 at 6:57am

Cancer biology reproducibility effort
eLife has published the first papers from the Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology.

First announced in October 2013 with $1.3 million in funding from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology (RP:CB) aims to replicate key experimental findings in 50 high-profile cancer biology papers published between 2010 and 2012. The project is a partnership between the Center for Open Science, Science Exchange, and eLife.
Following an earlier effort by the Center for Open Science, in psychology research, the outputs of the cancer biology project are being published in two distinct phases. The first phase involves the production of a Registered Report – a novel publishing format that sets out how the replications will be performed, the reagents and protocols, the sample sizes, and the planned analyses. The replications will be performed by laboratories that are part of the Science Exchange network. The second phase is the publication of these results in a Replication Study. Both the Registered Report and the Replication Study are subject to eLife’s rigorous and consultative peer review process.

An open investigation of the reproducibility of cancer biology rese...

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology will generate a high-quality dataset to explore questions about the reproducibility of research, and will make all data, analysis and other research materials openly available to the research community.

Find out more details here: http://elifesciences.org/collections/reproducibility-project-cancer...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on December 10, 2014 at 9:20am

In 1911, Albert Einstein Told Marie Curie To Ignore The Trolls!
A letter addressed from Einstein to famed physicist, chemist, and two-time Nobel-Laureate, Marie Curie tells her to ignore the trolls.
Read it here:
http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol8-trans/34

And his reply to a female fan:

Albert Einstein's Reply to a Female Fan's Confession Should Be in Every Science Textbook

when she said: "I hope you will not think any the less of me for being a girl!"

"I hope you will not think any the less of me for being a girl!"

This plea was sent to Albert Einstein by a young South African in the 1940s, and was recently unearthed as part of Alice Caprice's Dear Professor Einstein: Albert Einstein's Letters to and from Chil.... Although brief, Tyfanny's words capture the self-consciousness and self-doubt that have for so long plagued women who aspire to careers in science and technology.

In the letter, dated Sept. 19, 1946, a seemingly agonized Tyfanny admits to Einstein that she has left out a potentially damaging detail about herself. "I forgot to tell you, in my last letter, that I was a girl. I mean I am a girl," the young scientist writes. "I have always regretted this a great deal, but by now I have become more or less resigned to the fact."

The physicist's pithy response is a timeless lesson that bears repeating, all these decades later. "I do not mind that you are a girl, but the main thing is that you yourself do not mind," the Nobel Prize winner replied. "There is no reason for it."

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