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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 8:10am

Researchers anticipate rise of some mosquito-borne diseases, courtesy: climate change

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=83&v=DaVJbYPxXhs&am...

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As information flows through brain's heirarchy, higher regions use higher-frequency waves
To produce your thoughts and actions, your brain processes information in a hierarchy of regions along its surface, or cortex, ranging from “lower” areas that do basic parsing of incoming sensations to “higher” executive regions that formulate your plans for employing that newfound knowledge. In a new study, neuroscientists seeking to explain how this organization emerges report two broad trends: In each of three distinct regions, information encoding or its inhibition was associated with a similar tug of war between specific brain wave frequency bands, and the higher a region’s status in the hierarchy, the higher the peak frequency of its waves in each of those bands.  
https://researchnews.cc/news/2508/As-information-flows-through-brai...
https://news.mit.edu/2020/information-flows-through-brains-heirarch...
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Raised blood pressure and diabetes alter brain structure to slow thinking speed and memory  

In a new study published neuroscientists at Oxford university have found that raised blood pressure and diabetes in mid-life alter brain structure to slow thinking speed and memory.

Looking at results from 22,000 volunteers in the UK Biobank who underwent brain scanning, the scientists found that raised blood pressure and diabetes significantly impaired the brain’s cognitive functions, specifically the performance of thinking speed and short-term memory.  Monitoring and treating even modestly raised blood pressure might make a difference to the structure of the brain and speed of thinking in mid-life, while also offering potential to reduce the risks of developing dementia later in life.  
https://researchnews.cc/news/2511/Raised-blood-pressure-and-diabete...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 7:24am

Blood Replacement Rescues Mice from Stroke Damage

When mice that had suffered a stroke were given blood from a healthy donor, they experienced less tissue and neurological damage.

https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/blood-replacement-rescue...

Researchers have partially mitigated the effects of an ischemic stroke in mice simply by replacing a small amount of their blood with that of a healthy donor. Days after receiving the transplant, mice had less tissue damage surrounding the clot and suffered fewer neurological side effects compared to mice that had not received a blood infusion. 

The results, published August 25 in Nature Communications, highlight the link between strokes in the brain and the immune system. At least some of the damage caused by strokes, the authors say, is the result of an overreactive immune response during which cells sent to an injury to fight infection and facilitate repair instead harm sensitive brain tissue. 

“The initial impetus for the study was to determine the extent to which this immune response, which we know is very rapid and very profound, contributes to brain damage from stroke

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 6:31am

Big answers from tiny particles

A team of scientists led by Kanazawa University proposed a new mathematical framework to understand the properties of the fundamental particles called neutrinos. This work may help cosmologists make progress on the apparent paradox of the existence of matter in the Universe.

Mayumi Aoki et al, Probing charged lepton number violation via ℓ±ℓ′±W∓W∓, Physical Review D (2020). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.101.115019

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-big-tiny-particles.html?utm_source=nw...

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 The consequences of spraying fire retardants on wildfires

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-consequences-retardants-wildfires.htm...

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COVID-19 isn’t the only infectious disease scientists are trying to find a vaccine for. Here are 3 others

https://theconversation.com/covid-19-isnt-the-only-infectious-disea...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 6:27am

Physicists 'trick' photons into behaving like electrons using a 'synthetic' magnetic field

Scientists have discovered an elegant way of manipulating light using a 'synthetic' Lorentz force—which in nature is responsible for many fascinating phenomena including the Aurora Borealis.

A team of theoretical physicists from the University of Exeter has pioneered a new technique to create tuneable artificial magnetic fields, which enable photons to mimic the dynamics of charged particles in real magnetic fields.

The team believe the new research, published in leading journal Nature Photonics, could have important implications for future photonic devices as it provides a novel way of manipulating light below the diffraction limit.

 Mann, C., Horsley, S.A.R. & Mariani, E. Tunable pseudo-magnetic fields for polaritons in strained metasurfaces. Nat. Photonics (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0688-8 , www.nature.com/articles/s41566-020-0688-8

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-physicists-photons-electrons-syntheti...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 6:04am

Boron nitride nanofilms might replace antibiotics for protection against bacterial and fungal infections

Material scientists have presented antibacterial nano-coatings based on boron nitride, which are highly effective against microbial pathogens (up to 99.99%). They can become a safe alternative to the usual antibiotics in implantology since they do not have typical negative side effects.

Due to the significant increase in the number of surgical procedures around the world, scientists are addressing the problem of microbial infections caused by implants. It is especially serious during orthopedic and dental operations. It is no secret that concomitant drug therapy for inflammation around implants often leads to side effects due to the characteristic properties of the antibiotics, as well as the required high doses.

A group of  scientists from  has proposed a non-standard solution to the problem by investigating the interaction of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E.coli) and a nanofilm consisting of a structured boron nitride surface. It turned out that such a coating inactivates 100% of bacterial cells after 24 hours.

Kristina Y. Gudz et al. Pristine and Antibiotic-Loaded Nanosheets/Nanoneedles-Based Boron Nitride Films as a Promising Platform to Suppress Bacterial and Fungal Infections, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10169

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-boron-nitride-nanofilms-antibiotics-b...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 5:59am

Bioactive nano-capsules to hijack cell behaviour to treat diseases

Many diseases are caused by defects in signaling pathways of body cells. In the future, bioactive nanocapsules could become a valuable tool for medicine to control these pathways. Researchers have taken an important step in this direction: They succeed in having several different nanocapsules work in tandem to amplify a natural signaling cascade and influence cell behaviour.

Andrea Belluati et al, Bioactive Catalytic Nanocompartments Integrated into Cell Physiology and Their Amplification of a Native Signaling Cascade, ACS Nano (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05574

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-bioactive-nano-capsules-hijack-cell-b...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 5:50am

Animals' magnetic 'sixth' sense may come from bacteria, new paper suggests

Scientists hypothesis to the Q why some animals have a magnetic 'sixth' sense, such as sea turtles' ability to return to the beach where they were born: the magnetic sense comes from a symbiotic relationship with magnetotactic bacteria.

Magnetotactic bacteria are a special type of bacteria whose movement is influenced by magnetic fields, including the Earth's.

Animals that sense Earth's magnetic field include sea turtles, birds, fish and lobsters. Sea turtles, for example, can use the ability for navigation to return to the beach where they were born.

Learning how organisms interact with magnetic fields can improve humans' understanding of how to use Earth's magnetic fields for their own navigation purposes. It can also inform ecological research into the effects of human modifications of the magnetic environment, such as constructing power lines, on biodiversity. Research into the interaction of animals with magnetic fields can also aid the development of therapies that use magnetism for drug delivery.

In the article, the researchers review the arguments for and against the hypothesis, present evidence published in support that has arisen in the past few years, as well as offer new supportive evidence of their own.

Their new evidence comes from microbes ( Metagenomic Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology database), the magnetotactic bacteria that had been found in animal samples. Scientists found for the first time, that magnetotactic bacteria are associated with many animals, including a penguin species, loggerhead sea turtles, bats and Atlantic right whales.

the hypothesis that animals use magnetic bacteria in a symbiotic way to gain a magnetic sense warrants further exploration but still needs more evidence before anything conclusive can be stated.

Eviatar Natan et al, Symbiotic magnetic sensing: raising evidence and beyond, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2020). DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0595

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-animals-magnetic-sixth-bacteria-paper...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 5:42am

Hints of life on Venus: Scientists detect phosphine molecules in high cloud decks

An international team of astronomers yesterday (14th sept., 2020) announced the discovery of a rare molecule—phosphine—in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, this gas is only made industrially, or by microbes that thrive in oxygen-free environments.

Astronomers have speculated for decades that high clouds on Venus could offer a home for microbes—floating free of the scorching surface, but still needing to tolerate very high acidity. The detection of phosphine molecules, which consist of hydrogen and phosphorus, could point to this extra-terrestrial 'aerial' life.

To create the observed quantity of phosphine on Venus, terrestrial organisms would only need to work at about 10% of their maximum productivity.

Greaves, J.S., Richards, A.M.S., Bains, W. et al. Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus. Nat Astron (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-1174-4

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-hints-life-venus-scientists-phosphine...

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Collective quantum effect: When electrons keep together

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-quantum-effect-electrons.html?utm_sou...

https://www.quora.com/q/sciencecommunication/Collective-quantum-eff...; - check%%

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 15, 2020 at 5:34am

Ancient volcanoes once boosted ocean carbon, but humans are now far outpacing them

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-ancient-volcanoes-boosted-ocean-carbo...

https://www.quora.com/q/sciencecommunication/Ancient-volcanoes-once...;  - check%%

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Gene-edited livestock 'surrogate sires' successfully made fertile

For the first time, scientists have created pigs, goats and cattle that can serve as viable "surrogate sires," male animals that produce sperm carrying only the genetic traits of donor animals.

could speed the spread of desirable characteristics in livestock and improve food production for a growing global population. It also would enable breeders in remote regions better access to genetic material of elite animals from other parts of the world and allow more precision breeding in animals such as goats where using artificial insemination is difficult.

 Michela Ciccarelli el al., "Donor-derived spermatogenesis following stem cell transplantation in sterile NANOS2 knockout males," PNAS (2020). www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.2010102117

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-gene-edited-livestock-surrogate-sires...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on September 14, 2020 at 8:18am

New fossil ape is discovered in India

A 13-million-year-old fossil unearthed in northern India comes from a newly discovered ape, the earliest known ancestor of the modern-day gibbon. The discovery  fills a major void in the ape fossil record and provides important new evidence about when the ancestors of today's gibbon migrated to Asia from Africa. This discovery fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record.

The fossil, a complete lower molar, belongs to a previously unknown genus and species (Kapi ramnagarensis) and represents the first new fossil ape species discovered at the famous fossil site of Ramnagar, India, in nearly a century.

New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India Fills Major Gaps in the Hominoid Fossil Record, Proceedings of the Royal Society B (2020). rspb.royalsocietypublishing.or … .1098/rspb.2020.1655

https://phys.org/news/2020-09-fossil-ape-india.html?utm_source=nwle...

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