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JAI VIGNAN

All about Science - to remove misconceptions and encourage scientific temper

Communicating science to the common people

'To make them see the world differently through the beautiful lense of science'

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WE LOVE SCIENCE HERE BECAUSE IT IS A MANY SPLENDOURED THING

THIS IS A WAR ZONE WHERE SCIENCE FIGHTS WITH NONSENSE AND WINS

“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.”

"Being a scientist is a state of mind, not a profession!"

"Science, when it's done right, can yield amazing things".

The Reach of Scientific Research From Labs to Laymen

The aim of science is not only to open a door to infinite knowledge and wisdom but to set a limit to infinite error.

"Knowledge is a Superpower but the irony is you cannot get enough of it with ever increasing data base unless you try to keep up with it constantly and in the right way!" The best education comes from learning from people who know what they are exactly talking about.

Science is this glorious adventure into the unknown, the opportunity to discover things that nobody knew before. And that’s just an experience that’s not to be missed. But it’s also a motivated effort to try to help humankind. And maybe that’s just by increasing human knowledge—because that’s a way to make us a nobler species.

If you are scientifically literate the world looks very different to you.

We do science and science communication not because they are easy but because they are difficult!

“Science is not a subject you studied in school. It’s life. We 're brought into existence by it!"

Links to some important articles :

1. Interactive science series...

a. how-to-do-research-and-write-research-papers-part 13

b. Some Qs people asked me on science and my replies to them...

Part 6, part-10, part-11, part-12, part 14 , part- 8,

part- 1, part-2, part-4, part-5, part-16, part-17, part-18 , part-19 , part-20

part-21 , part-22, part-23, part-24, part-25, part-26, part-27 , part-28

part-29, part-30, part-31, part-32, part-33, part-34, part-35, part-36, part-37,

part-38, part-40, part-41, part-42, part-43, part-44, part-45, part-46, part-47

Part 48, part49, Critical thinking -part 50 , part -51, part-52, part-53

part-54, part-55, part-57, part-58, part-59, part-60, part-61, part-62, part-63

part 64, part-65, part-66, part-67, part-68, part 69, part-70 part-71, part-73 ...

.......306

BP variations during pregnancy part-72

who is responsible for the gender of their children - a man or a woman -part-56

c. some-questions-people-asked-me-on-science-based-on-my-art-and-poems -part-7

d. science-s-rules-are-unyielding-they-will-not-be-bent-for-anybody-part-3-

e. debate-between-scientists-and-people-who-practice-and-propagate-pseudo-science - part -9

f. why astrology is pseudo-science part 15

g. How Science is demolishing patriarchal ideas - part-39

2. in-defence-of-mangalyaan-why-even-developing-countries-like-india need space research programmes

3. Science communication series:

a. science-communication - part 1

b. how-scienitsts-should-communicate-with-laymen - part 2

c. main-challenges-of-science-communication-and-how-to-overcome-them - part 3

d. the-importance-of-science-communication-through-art- part 4

e. why-science-communication-is-geting worse - part 5

f. why-science-journalism-is-not-taken-seriously-in-this-part-of-the-world - part 6

g. blogs-the-best-bet-to-communicate-science-by-scientists- part 7

h. why-it-is-difficult-for-scientists-to-debate-controversial-issues - part 8

i. science-writers-and-communicators-where-are-you - part 9

j. shooting-the-messengers-for-a-different-reason-for-conveying-the- part 10

k. why-is-science-journalism-different-from-other-forms-of-journalism - part 11

l. golden-rules-of-science-communication- Part 12

m. science-writers-should-develop-a-broader-view-to-put-things-in-th - part 13

n. an-informed-patient-is-the-most-cooperative-one -part 14

o. the-risks-scientists-will-have-to-face-while-communicating-science - part 15

p. the-most-difficult-part-of-science-communication - part 16

q. clarity-on-who-you-are-writing-for-is-important-before-sitting-to write a science story - part 17

r. science-communicators-get-thick-skinned-to-communicate-science-wi thout-any-bias - part 18

s. is-post-truth-another-name-for-science-communication-failure?

t. why-is-it-difficult-for-scientists-to-have-high-eqs

u. art-and-literature-as-effective-aids-in-science-communication-and teaching

v.* some-qs-people-asked-me-on-science communication-and-my-replies-to-them

** qs-people-asked-me-on-science-and-my-replies-to-them-part-173

w. why-motivated-perception-influences-your-understanding-of-science

x. science-communication-in-uncertain-times

y. sci-com: why-keep-a-dog-and-bark-yourself

z. How to deal with sci com dilemmas?

A+. sci-com-what-makes-a-story-news-worthy-in-science

B+. is-a-perfect-language-important-in-writing-science-stories

C+. sci-com-how-much-entertainment-is-too-much-while-communicating-sc

D+. sci-com-why-can-t-everybody-understand-science-in-the-same-way

E+. how-to-successfully-negotiate-the-science-communication-maze

4. Health related topics:

a. why-antibiotic-resistance-is-increasing-and-how-scientists-are-tr

b. what-might-happen-when-you-take-lots-of-medicines

c. know-your-cesarean-facts-ladies

d. right-facts-about-menstruation

e. answer-to-the-question-why-on-big-c

f. how-scientists-are-identifying-new-preventive-measures-and-cures-

g. what-if-little-creatures-high-jack-your-brain-and-try-to-control-

h. who-knows-better?

i. mycotoxicoses

j. immunotherapy

k. can-rust-from-old-drinking-water-pipes-cause-health-problems

l. pvc-and-cpvc-pipes-should-not-be-used-for-drinking-water-supply

m. melioidosis

n.vaccine-woes

o. desensitization-and-transplant-success-story

p. do-you-think-the-medicines-you-are-taking-are-perfectly-alright-then revisit your position!

q. swine-flu-the-difficlulties-we-still-face-while-tackling-the-outb

r. dump-this-useless-information-into-a-garbage-bin-if-you-really-ca re about evidence based medicine

s. don-t-ignore-these-head-injuries

t. the-detoxification-scam

u. allergic- agony-caused-by-caterpillars-and-moths

General science:

a.why-do-water-bodies-suddenly-change-colour

b. don-t-knock-down-your-own-life-line

c. the-most-menacing-animal-in-the-world

d. how-exo-planets-are-detected

e. the-importance-of-earth-s-magnetic-field

f. saving-tigers-from-extinction-is-still-a-travail

g. the-importance-of-snakes-in-our-eco-systems

h. understanding-reverse-osmosis

i. the-importance-of-microbiomes

j. crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technique-a-boon-to-fixing-defective-gen

k. biomimicry-a-solution-to-some-of-our-problems

5. the-dilemmas-scientists-face

6. why-we-get-contradictory-reports-in-science

7. be-alert-pseudo-science-and-anti-science-are-on-prowl

8. science-will-answer-your-questions-and-solve-your-problems

9. how-science-debunks-baseless-beliefs

10. climate-science-and-its-relevance

11. the-road-to-a-healthy-life

12. relative-truth-about-gm-crops-and-foods

13. intuition-based-work-is-bad-science

14. how-science-explains-near-death-experiences

15. just-studies-are-different-from-thorough-scientific-research

16. lab-scientists-versus-internet-scientists

17. can-you-challenge-science?

18. the-myth-of-ritual-working

19.science-and-superstitions-how-rational-thinking-can-make-you-work -better

20. comets-are-not-harmful-or-bad-omens-so-enjoy-the-clestial-shows

21. explanation-of-mysterious-lights-during-earthquakes

22. science-can-tell-what-constitutes-the-beauty-of-a-rose

23. what-lessons-can-science-learn-from-tragedies-like-these

24. the-specific-traits-of-a-scientific-mind

25. science-and-the-paranormal

26. are-these-inventions-and-discoveries-really-accidental-and-intuitive like the journalists say?

27. how-the-brain-of-a-polymath-copes-with-all-the-things-it-does

28. how-to-make-scientific-research-in-india-a-success-story

29. getting-rid-of-plastic-the-natural-way

30. why-some-interesting-things-happen-in-nature

31. real-life-stories-that-proves-how-science-helps-you

32. Science and trust series:

a. how-to-trust-science-stories-a-guide-for-common-man

b. trust-in-science-what-makes-people-waver

c. standing-up-for-science-showing-reasons-why-science-should-be-trusted

You will find the entire list of discussions here: http://kkartlab.in/group/some-science/forum

( Please go through the comments section below to find scientific research reports posted on a daily basis and watch videos based on science)

Get interactive...

Please contact us if you want us to add any information or scientific explanation on any topic that interests you. We will try our level best to give you the right information.

Our mail ID: kkartlabin@gmail.com

Discussion Forum

Why do different kinds of environments change the anatomies, appearances, biology and/or physiologies of the wild animals and/or plants after migrating?

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Monday. 1 Reply 0 Likes

Q: Why do different kinds of environments change the anatomies, appearances, biology and/or physiologies of the wild animals and/or plants after migrating?Krishna: Different environments exert…Continue

Why antibiotic resistance is increasing and how our friendly ubiquitous scientists are trying to tackle it

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday. 4 Replies 0 Likes

Why is antibiotic resistance increasing? It is the result of evolution!And why should bacteria evolve? In order to survive! Because antibiotics are their 'poison'.If they can't surmount this problem…Continue

Is human body a super-organism?!

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday. 1 Reply 0 Likes

Q: Is the human race a superorganism?Krishna: Not entire human race. The human body? To some extent!Recently somebody told me they feel lonely. This was my reply to them:Do you think you are alone?…Continue

Why Generic drugs are important

Started by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa. Last reply by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Friday. 2 Replies 0 Likes

A generic drug (or generics in plural) is a drug defined as "a drug product that is comparable to a brand/reference listed drug product in dosage form, strength, quality and performance…Continue

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:49am: Wounded plants: How they coordinate their healing

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-wounded.html?utm_source=nwletter&...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-growth-world-deepest-photosynthetic-c...

Surprising growth rates discovered in world's deepest photosynthetic corals

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https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2020/06/15/biotechnology-in...

Biotechnology innovation during COVID-19

three therapeutic classes that have been especially innovative and disruptive in recent years: adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer, precision oncology drugs and gene therapy. We expect these three categories to transform the standard of care for many difficult-to-treat diseases.

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Almost 90% of astronauts have been men. But the future of space may be female

https://theconversation.com/almost-90-of-astronauts-have-been-men-b...

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https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-is-time-travel-possible-fo...

is time travel possible for humans?

https://theconversation.com/time-travel-is-possible-but-only-if-you...

Time travel is possible – but only if you have an object with infinite mass

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:46am: Gametophytic pollen tube guidance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDbmWz0t9rg&feature=emb_logo

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:30am: New species extinction target proposed for global nature rescue plan

In proposals published today in the journal Science, conservation experts are suggesting a long-term goal to reduce species extinctions towards natural rates, with an easily measurable objective of fewer than 20 extinctions a year.

It would apply to all described species across the major taxonomic groups (fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates) and ecosystem types, whether freshwater, marine or terrestrial.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-species-extinction-global-nature.html...

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Measuring the spin of a black hole

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-black-hole.html

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-young-embryos-quality.html?utm_source...

How young embryos conduct quality control to become healthy fetuses ...

The first few days of embryonic development are a critical point for determining the failure or success of a pregnancy. Because relatively few cells make up the embryo during this period, the health of each cell is vital to the health of the overall embryo. But often, these young cells have chromosomal aneuploidies—meaning, there are too many or too few chromosome copies in the cell. Aneuploid cells lead to the failure of the pregnancy, or cause developmental defects such as Down syndrome later in gestation.

Researchers have found that the prevalence of aneuploidy is drastically lower as the embryo grows and develops

aneuploid cells are under chronic stress due to an imbalance in the production of proteins caused by the abnormal number of chromosomes. This stress in turn activates a process called autophagy that leads to the death of the abnormal cells.

Shruti Singla et al. Autophagy-mediated apoptosis eliminates aneuploid cells in a mouse model of chromosome mosaicism, Nature Communications (2020). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16796-3

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 8:23am: How insulin works to control your blood sugar

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Coronavirus: Under the microscope

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 7:46am: Why West Antarctica is warming faster than East Antarctica

A team of researchers has found a possible reason for West Antarctica warming faster than East Antarctica. In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes their study of surface and air temperature trends in the region over the past several decades in which they applied math models to the problem, and what they found.

Scientists have known for some time that Antarctica has been warming asymmetrically due to global warming, but they have not known why. To find an explanation for the differences, the researchers began with the assumption that such differences were likely due to natural climate variability To find out if this might be the case, they carried out a two-part study.

The first part of the study involved studying climate data for the region over the years 1958 to 2012. Their goal was to see if they could spot trends. The second part of the study involved applying an empirical orthogonal function to the weather data to explain variability over time. In so doing, they found that warming sea surface temperatures in the Bellingshausen Antarctic and Amundsen seas appeared to be a driving force behind the asymmetrical warming. They also found variability in surface air temperatures over the course of multiple decades, which they attributed to climate fluctuations in the tropics (such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation)—they suggest such fluctuations also likely play a role in differences in the amount of warming in Antarctica.

More specifically, the researchers found that the asymmetric conditions originated from the harmony of the feedback between the atmosphere over the ocean versus that over the terrain. And warmer sea temperatures near the western parts of Antarctica had a positive feedback with the upper atmospheric conditions found over the western parts of the region. And finally, they report that the strength of the feedback in the region was controlled by the topography and an annual cycle. They conclude their assessment by suggesting that the climate differences that have been observed in the region are likely due to natural climate variability factors responding to global warming.

The researchers also suggest that natural climate factors could also result in spikes in temperatures over the eastern parts of Antarctic in the coming years, even as western parts of the region continue to see rising temperatures. They note that such conditions could lead to ice sheet collapse, adding to a rise in sea levels.

A possible explanation for why West Antarctica is warming faster th...

Sang-Yoon Jun et al. The internal origin of the west-east asymmetry of Antarctic climate change, Science Advances (2020). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1490

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 7:35am: Disclosure of climate-related financial risks not enough to drive action

While risk disclosure can support a market-driven transition towards a more sustainable financial system, it is only one part of the puzzle. To ensure its success the TCFD Framework should be updated to incorporate consideration of other crucial factors."

The study identified that in addition to disclosure, it is equally important to ensure the appropriate incentives to disclose, the mechanisms to enable market discipline and supply chain compliance.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-disclosure-climate-related-financial-...

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Scientists discover three-dimensional structure in smaller water droplet

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-three-dimensional-smaller-...

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https://phys.org/news/2020-06-history-insightful-hiv-neutron-approa...

History of insightful HIV research inspires neutron scattering approach to studying COVID-19

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https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-ai-algorithm-age-photos-wrinkle...

AI algorithm identifies age of faces in photos using wrinkles, spots

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The first programming language for quantum computers

https://techxplore.com/news/2020-06-intuitive-language-quantum.html

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 7:28am

Probing dark matter with the Higgs boson

Visible matter—everything from pollen to stars and galaxies—accounts for roughly 15% of the total mass of the universe. The remaining 85% is made of something entirely different from things we can touch and see: dark matter. Despite overwhelming evidence from the observation of gravitational effects, the nature of dark matter and its composition remain unknown.

How can physicists study dark matter beyond gravitational effects if it is practically invisible? Researchers are pursuing three approaches:

indirect detection with astronomical observatories searching for the decay products of dark-matter annihilation in galactic centres
direct detection with highly sensitive low-background experiments looking for dark matter scattering off nuclei
creating dark matter in the controlled laboratory environment of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.

Although successful at describing elementary particles and their interactions at low energies, the Standard Model of particle physics does not include a viable dark-matter particle. The only possible candidates, neutrinos, do not have the right properties to explain the observed dark matter. To remedy this problem, a simple theoretical extension of the Standard Model posits that existing particles, such as the Higgs boson, act as a "portal" between known particles and dark-matter particles. Since the Higgs boson couples to mass, massive dark-matter particles should interact with it. The Higgs boson still has large uncertainties associated with the strength of its interaction with Standard Model particles; up to 30% of the Higgs-boson decays can potentially be invisible, according to the latest ATLAS combined Higgs-boson measurements.

Could some of the Higgs bosons decay into dark matter? As dark matter does not interact directly with the ATLAS detector, physicists look for signs of "invisible particles," inferred through momentum conservation of the proton–proton collision products. According to the Standard Model, the fraction of Higgs bosons decaying to an invisible final state (four neutrinos!) accounts for just 0.1% and is thus negligible. Should such events be observed, it would be a direct indication of new physics and potential evidence of Higgs bosons decaying into dark-matter particles.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-probing-dark-higgs-boson.html?utm_sou...

Search for invisible Higgs boson decays with vector boson fusion signatures with the ATLAS detector using an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1: atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS … ATLAS-CONF-2020-008/

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 6:56am: Light bulb vibrations yield eavesdropping data!

Researchers report that they successfully tapped into speech and music inside an apartment simply by focusing on a light bulb

In a paper published over the weekend, the researchers said all they needed were a telescope and a $400 optical sensor, which they used to measure barely perceptible light bulb vibrations triggered by either voices or music in the room.

The research team conducted the test by pointing a telescope situated in a bridge towards a light bulb in an apartment building 27 yards away. Capturing the vibrations from the bulb, they were able to reconstruct, with a fair degree of fidelity, "Let It Be" by the Beatles, "Clocks" by Coldplay and a snippet of a speech by President Trump.

Researchers have shown that how fluctuations in the air pressure on the surface of the hanging bulb (in response to sound), which cause the bulb to vibrate very slightly (a millidegree vibration), can be exploited by eavesdroppers to recover speech and singing, passively, externally, and in real time.

They noted that a direct line of sight to the bulb is required; lampshades or window curtains will prevent it from working. Also, the test sounds were played at maximum volume. You just need line of sight to a hanging bulb, and this is it.

The approach, called "lamphone," is an improvement over recent developments in eavesdropping technology.

Any sound in the room can be recovered from the room with no requirement to hack anything and no device in the room.

Source: Light bulb vibrations yield eavesdropping data More information: Lamphone: Real-Time Passive Sound Recovery from Light Bulb Vibrations (PDF)

www.nassiben.com/lamphone

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on June 16, 2020 at 6:29am: Spectacular bird's-eye view? Hummingbirds see diverse colors humans can only imagine

To find food, dazzle mates, escape predators and navigate diverse terrain, birds rely on their excellent color vision.

Humans are color-blind compared to birds and many other animals

Humans have three types of color-sensitive cones in their eyes—attuned to red, green and blue light—but birds have a fourth type, sensitive to ultraviolet light. "Not only does having a fourth color cone type extend the range of bird-visible colors into the UV, it potentially allows birds to perceive combination colors like ultraviolet+green and ultraviolet+red—but this has been hard to test.

To investigate how birds perceive their colorful world, a research team established a new field system for exploring bird color vision in a natural setting. Working at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL) in Gothic, Colorado, the researchers trained wild broad-tailed hummingbirds (Selasphorus platycercus) to participate in color vision experiments.

"Nonspectral" color combinations, which involve hues from widely separated parts of the color spectrum, as opposed to blends of neighboring colors like teal (blue-green) or yellow (green-red) were studied. For humans, purple is the clearest example of a nonspectral color. Technically, purple is not in the rainbow: it arises when our blue (short-wave) and red (long-wave) cones are stimulated, but not green (medium-wave) cones.

While humans have just one nonspectral color—purple, birds can theoretically see up to five: purple, ultraviolet+red, ultraviolet+green, ultraviolet+yellow and ultraviolet+purple.

The experiments revealed that hummingbirds can see a variety of nonspectral colors, including purple, ultraviolet+green, ultraviolet+red and ultraviolet+yellow. For example, hummingbirds readily distinguished ultraviolet+green from pure ultraviolet or pure green, and they discriminated between two different mixtures of ultraviolet+red light—one redder, one less so.

https://phys.org/news/2020-06-spectacular-bird-eye-view-hummingbird...

More information: Mary Caswell Stoddard el al., "Wild hummingbirds discriminate nonspectral colors," PNAS (2020). www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1919377117

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