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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 22 hours ago

Do plastics have toxic effects on the heart? Higher exposure linked to changes in heart rhythms

We've all heard warnings about BPA—a chemical found in plastics and personal care products. Studies show that nearly millions of people around the world have detectable levels of BPA in their bodies. Now, new research has revealed this everyday exposure is tied to changes in the heart's electrical system.

Phenols are a wide variety of chemicals. The best-known example is BPA.

BPA can be found in water bottles, food can linings, cash register receipts, eyeglass lenses, even baby bottles and makeup. These are environmental phenols—chemicals in products we touch every day.

 So researchers studied 600 people. Urine tests and EKGs found higher exposure was linked to changes in heart rhythms.

The electrical conduction literally keeps us alive. If it gets altered in any way, you could die immediately, say cardiologists.

Healthy individuals should not be affected by this. But if you find a person that's genetically predisposed, that is older, these can lead to potential changes.

https://www.uc.edu/news/articles/2025/10/do-plastics-have-toxic-eff...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 22 hours ago

Nanoplastics detected in farm animal cells: Study warns of possible human consequences

Scientists at the Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN) in Dummerstorf and the University of Udine have detected the uptake of nanoplastics in farm animal cell cultures. The results provide evidence of potential risks to animal health, meat production and also human food safety.

Plastic bags, packaging, yogurt lids—items that are carelessly thrown away decompose over years into tiny plastic particles. They end up in soil, waterways and ultimately in our food chain. Although numerous studies have already shown that microplastics can harm marine animals, birds and insects, the effects of nanoplastics on livestock have hardly been researched to date.

Unlike microplastics (1 µm–5 mm), there are currently few adequate methods for detecting nanoplastics (< 1 µm) in humans and animals. However, researchers assume that these small particles can also accumulate in tissue.

In a new study, researchers have demonstrated the uptake of nanoplastic particles made of polystyrene into cultured cells from cattle and pigs. This absorption led to changes that could impair the cell function and health of the animals in the long term.

The study examined granulosa cells from cattle, which play an important role in reproduction, and myoblasts from pigs, which are used to form muscle tissue. Even low concentrations led to microscopically visible accumulations. These could impair the fertility of the animals and their products.
Farm animals are part of the human food chain. Direct health risks to consumers cannot be inferred at present. Nevertheless, the researchers urge for more detailed investigations into the long-term consequences of microplastics and nanoplastics.

Francesca Corte Pause et al, Exploring the influence of polystyrene-nanoplastics on two distinct in vitro systems in farm animals: A pilot study, Science of The Total Environment (2025). DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179378

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 22 hours ago

The migration period has started. Millions of birds are migrating now.

But birds face a variety of threats during migration—collisions with windows, communications towers and wind turbines; light pollution that disorients them; habitat loss or degradation in their migration stopover areas; human disturbance while feeding at stopover areas; predators; and storms.

Artificial light is one of the biggest dangers for birds traveling at night. It can confuse or attract them toward buildings, where they may crash into windows.

Birds collide with windows when they can't see them or, even worse, are attracted to them because of reflections of plants or the sky.This happens during the day, as well as at night during migration when lights disorient birds or if fog is causing them to fly low.

That's why people have an important role to play, say experts. The three most important things you can do for birds this time of year are to keep cats indoors, turn your lights off and use window mitigation.

Turn off unnecessary outdoor lighting at night or use motion sensors and timers so lights are only on when needed. If you must leave a light on, use warm-colored lights with shields that face downward.

Homeowners can also help reduce window collisions by: Placing bird feeders within three feet of windows or more than 30 feet away

Using window screens, UV tape or hanging cords to make glass visible

Closing blinds to limit reflections

Leaving fallen logs or stick piles in yards to give birds shelter as they stop to rest.

Enjoy these visitors as they pass through. But feed responsibly! Clean your feeders regularly, follow window guidance, and keep your cats indoors.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 23 hours ago

Seafood unfairly singled out in microplastics debate, researchers say

Seafood has received disproportionate attention in media coverage about microplastics, despite evidence that fish and shellfish are not the main source of human exposure, according to a new scientific review.

Researchers found that more than 70% of scientific and media coverage on microplastics in food has focused on seafood, contributing to the public perception that eating fish is the biggest risk.

This misperception has real consequences, as some consumers report reducing consumption of seafood because of concerns over microplastics exposure, and thereby miss out on the health benefits of seafood consumption. The findings are reported in the journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters.

In reality, people are far more exposed to microplastics from indoor air and dust.

A previous study reported that the presence of microplastics in mussels collected from the environment was lower than the amount of microplastics that falls on a plate of mussels during dinner time in a typical household.

Seafood, including mussels and oysters and finfish like salmon and cod, may contribute 1–10 microplastic particles per day, which is consistent with other foods, like salt, honey and chicken.

Ingestion from bottled water is estimated at 10 to 100 particles per day, and exposure from indoor air accounts for considerably higher exposure—100 to 1,000 particles per day.

There is minimal evidence that they pose a health risk. The evidence we do have indicates that plastic particles readily pass through the digestive tract and exit the body.

While there are perceptions that toxic substances associated with plastic particles may pose health risks, evidence indicates concentrations are actually exceedingly low compared to other sources of exposure.

Theodore B. Henry et al, Examining Misconceptions about Plastic-Particle Exposure from Ingestion of Seafood and Risk to Human Health, Environmental Science & Technology Letters (2025). DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00551

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 23 hours ago

Rare Earth Elements: 17 Minerals More Valuable Than Gold in Today’s Tech World

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Enrollment involved 198 adults at two academic cardiac surgery centers in Germany, all undergoing first-time isolated CABG for three-vessel or left main disease, without prior arrhythmias, monitored for one year after implant of a device during surgery.

Patients were followed through continuous rhythm surveillance using an insertable cardiac monitor placed at skin closure. AF was defined as device-detected and adjudicated episodes lasting at least two minutes.

Within one year, 95 of 198 patients developed new-onset AF, yielding a cumulative incidence of 48% with a 95% CI of 41%–55%. Standard monitoring identified a 34% cumulative incidence with a 95% CI of 27%–41% and Gray's test P = .01 versus continuous monitoring. Sensitivity analyses using longer episode thresholds produced cumulative incidences of 46% at four minutes, 45% at six minutes, and 44% at 12 minutes.

Across the cohort with new-onset AF, median AF burden over the first year measured 0.07%, corresponding to 370 minutes. Early postoperative days carried the most arrhythmia time, with median burden of 3.65% on days 1–7, 0.04% on days 8–30, and 0% on days 31–365. A total of 2,053 episodes, accounting for 2,522 hours, were recorded, with a median episode length of six minutes and a median time-to-incident episode of 3.3 days. Asymptomatic presentations comprised 63% of episodes, and 67% were not captured by standard monitoring.

Among 95 patients with AF, 73 patients had incident episodes within seven days and 90 within 30 days, and 45% of accumulated AF time occurred within the first seven days and 77% within 30 days.

Recurrent AF later than 30 days appeared in 19 of 90 patients with incident episodes prior to 30 days, totaling 554 episodes with a median length of four minutes. Asymptomatic recurrences comprised 43% of these later episodes, and 3% were detected by standard monitoring.

The authors conclude that continuous monitoring uncovers substantially more AF than standard surveillance, while measured burden remains very low after 30 days.
Their findings question routine long-term oral anticoagulation after new-onset AF following CABG and support reassessment at 30 days when treatment is initiated.

Florian E. M. Herrmann et al, Long-Term Continuous Monitoring of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, JAMA (2025). DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.14891

Gregory M. Marcus, Is There Really Something Different About Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery?, JAMA (2025). DOI: 10.1001/jama.2025.15275

Part 2

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Atrial fibrillation after bypass found in nearly half of patients

Investigators  report a higher-than-expected one-year incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, paired with very low burden beyond 30 days.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) ranks among the most frequent early complications after cardiac surgery with reported incidence near 30%, tying into longer hospital stays, higher costs, discomfort, and observational links to thromboembolic stroke, heart failure, and recurrence.

North American guidelines state that 60 days of oral anticoagulation is reasonable with later reassessment, and European guidance advises that long-term anticoagulation should be considered in patients with new-onset AF after cardiac surgery.

Previous large cohort studies leaned on brief in-hospital telemetry and intermittent checks after discharge, leaving incidence, burden, and recurrence insufficiently characterized and prompting calls for long-term continuous monitoring.

In the study, "Long-Term Continuous Monitoring of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting," published in JAMA, researchers conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study to test whether one-year AF incidence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) exceeds prior literature and to assess AF burden.

Part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

DNA repair mechanisms help explain why naked mole-rats live a long life

Naked mole-rats are one of nature's most extraordinary creatures. These burrowing rodents can live for up to 37 years, around ten times longer than relatives of a similar size. But what is the secret to their extreme longevity? How are they able to delay the decay and decline that befalls other rodents? The answer, at least in part, is due to a switch in a common protein that boosts DNA repair, according to new research published in the journal Science.

One of the main causes of aging in all animals, including humans, is the accumulation of damaged DNA, our genetic instruction manual. When this damage is not fixed, it leads to defective cells, damaged proteins and eventually a breakdown in the body's functions.

To understand how the naked mole-rat is so resistant to DNA damage, a study focused on a common protein called cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). In most mammals, cGAS interferes with DNA repair, but the researchers suspected it may have evolved a different function in the long-living rats.

Researchers compared the cGAS protein in naked mole-rats to that of humans and mice and identified four changes in amino acids (building blocks of cGAS) that flip the protein's function so that it enhances a cell's ability to repair damaged DNA.

To test this, the scientists inserted the mole-rat's unique cGAS into human and mouse cells in the lab. The result was a significant boost in the cells' ability to repair their DNA and a reduction in cellular aging. Then, they engineered fruit flies to produce naked mole-rat cGAS and found that they lived around ten days longer than a control group of fruit flies that couldn't produce cGAS. Finally, they used gene therapy to give the naked mole-rat cGAS to mice. These treated rodents were less frail, had less gray hair and there were fewer old, worn out cells in different organs than mice that didn't receive the gene.

"This alteration confers naked mole-rat cGAS with a greater capacity to stabilize the genome, counteract cellular senescence   and organ aging, and promote extended life span and health span," commented the researchers.

Yu Chen et al, A cGAS-mediated mechanism in naked mole-rats potentiates DNA repair and delays aging, Science (2025). DOI: 10.1126/science.adp5056

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Living in an unequal society impacts the structure of children's brains, study finds

The distribution of wealth between different people living in specific geographical regions has changed substantially over the past decades, with some segments of the population benefiting most from economic growth than others. In some parts of the United States, the United Kingdom and various European countries, the distribution of wealth has become increasingly uneven.

An uneven wealth distribution essentially means that there is significant disparity in the income and resources of the general population, with some people earning good salaries and others living in the same place struggling to meet their basic needs. This inequality is typically measured with a value ranging from 0 to 1, known as the Gini coefficient, where 0 represents perfect equality and 1 extreme inequality.

Researchers  recently carried out a study aimed at exploring the possible impact of living in a society where wealth is unevenly distributed on the brain's development in late childhood and pre-adolescence. Their findings, published in Nature Mental Health, suggest that living in places with a high income inequality is associated with differences in the structure of some brain regions, which could in turn predict the emergence of mental health disorders.

As part of their study, the researchers analyzed data from the ABCD dataset, which was collected from over 8,000 9–10-year-old children living across 17 U.S. states, along with Gini coefficients for these states. The data they analyzed included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showing the thickness, surface area and volume of specific regions of the children's brain, as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans showing the connections between 12 key regions in their brains.

In their analyses, the researchers controlled for other factors that might be influencing the development of the children's brains, such as their family's income, education, health care access and incarceration rates in their home state. In addition, they looked at the children's reported mental health 18 months after the brain scans were collected.

The results of the analyses  suggest that living in an unequal society is associated with a thinner cortex (i.e., the brain's outer layer), as well as significant differences in the surface area of various brain regions. In addition, the communication between some brain networks appeared to be altered in children living in places marked by higher income inequality.

The differences observed by the researchers could partly explain the relationship they found between state-wide inequality and children's mental health, particularly the emergence of disorders in children living in unequal environments.

 Divyangana Rakesh et al, Macroeconomic income inequality, brain structure and function, and mental health, Nature Mental Health (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s44220-025-00508-1.

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa yesterday

Women Have Twice as Many Depression Genes as Men, Says  Study

Women are genetically at higher risk of clinical depression than men, Australian researchers found in a study published last week that could change how the disorder is treated.
Billed as one of the largest-ever studies of its kind, scientists pored through the DNA of almost 200,000 people with depression to pinpoint shared genetic "flags".

Women had almost twice as many of these genetic markers linked to depression as men, according to the study.
The genetic component to depression is larger in females compared to males. Around 13,000 genetic markers were linked with depression in women, the researchers found, compared with 7,000 markers in men.

Some of these genetic changes could alter biological pathways linked to metabolism or hormone production.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-63236-1

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