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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 3 hours ago

Atherosclerosis may meet key criteria for autoimmune disease, evidence suggests

In autoimmune diseases, the immune system turns against the body through pathogenic high-affinity B cells or T cells, leading to severe organ damage. Multiple sclerosis (nervous system paralysis), type 1 diabetes (a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis requiring lifelong treatment) and rheumatoid arthritis (debilitating, excruciating joint deformities) are examples of clinically important autoimmune diseases.
Despite decades of international research efforts, no such defining criteria have been documented for atherosclerosis. Research by an international consortium now reports in Nature Cardiovascular Research that, according to its findings, atherosclerosis satisfies crucial defining criteria of an autoimmune disease.

The current research identifies high-affinity autoreactive antibodies that, following adoptive transfer into mice, accelerate atherosclerosis. One of the autoantibodies is directed against histone 2B.

Following vaccination of the mice with histone 2B, atherosclerosis severity increased. The experimental data in mice were substantiated in a clinical trial involving 495 patients from the general population who were recruited in Guangzhou.
This new data are likely to have transformative power because they characterize atherosclerosis as an autoimmune disease. They have fundamental and far-reaching implications for future research, as they allow the development of new types of diagnostics and immunotherapeutics before the development of myocardial infarcts and strokes.

Chuankai Zhang et al, Artery tertiary lymphoid organs encode a pathogenic high-affinity autoantibody−autoantigen pair in atherosclerosis, Nature Cardiovascular Research (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s44161-026-00864-w

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 3 hours ago

The framework points toward an expanded view of consciousness. Many cognitive processes that characterize conscious experience—including perception, emotion, bodily awareness and the sense of self—are shaped in part by signals from within the body.

The findings also complicate the familiar image of a brain in a vat. This science-fiction brain, kept alive but severed from its body, might still generate neural activity. Yet it would be cut off from the recurring bodily signals that help give experience its visceral character and anchor it to a living self.

So, are you your brain or your body? Researchers of this new study suggest the question may be a false choice: Conscious experience emerges through the ongoing relationship between the two.

Asa Young et al, I sync, therefore I am: brain–body synchrony in typical and disordered consciousness, Neuroscience of Consciousness (2026). DOI: 10.1093/nc/niag028

Part 2

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 3 hours ago

The heart, lungs and brain work together to shape experience

People speak of "butterflies in the stomach," a "racing heart," being "choked up" or needing to "catch breath." Language routinely treats emotion and thought as though they inhabit the body. But why are events of the mind felt in the heart or stomach?
In a new paper published in Neuroscience of Consciousness, a UCSB-led team gets to the heart of an enduring question: Are you your brain or your body? Their answer points to what happens between them.

The brain is not simply receiving messages from the body. The heartbeat, breath and gastric rhythm are regular, predictable signals around which groups of neurons can organize, determining when they become more or less receptive to information. They are the drumbeats that keep our proverbial orchestra together.

Neuroscience has often treated consciousness as something produced by the brain alone. An emerging body of research expands that view, suggesting that conscious experience is shaped through a continuous, rhythmic dialogue between the brain and body.

The heart beats, the lungs breathe and the brain produces waves. Rhythm permeates the body. Just as musicians coordinate while playing different parts, brain rhythms can become organized by slower bodily cycles.

This coordination may help align neural processes involved in perception, emotion and the sense of self with the body's ongoing regulation of its internal state.

Consider the breath. People tend to inhale just before beginning the next trial of a cognitive task and exhale as they prepare to respond. Memory can also fluctuate with the breath: People are better at recognizing previously seen pictures when those pictures reappear during an inhale rather than an exhale.

Frightening images can gain faster access to awareness while the heart is contracting, whereas neutral stimuli—including sights, sounds, touch and even pain—may be processed less strongly during that same phase.

What matters, then, may not be any one signal alone, but the relationship between them. Two people could have similar heart rates, for example, while differing substantially in how strongly cardiac signals influence brain activity. Measuring this relationship may reveal differences that neither signal shows on its own.

The researchers note that the value of this coordination does not follow a simple "more is better" rule. Both unusually weak and unusually strong bodily influences on brain activity have been associated with adverse states. Healthy functioning may instead depend on the brain and body remaining coordinated within a Goldilocks zone—connected enough for bodily signals to inform experience, but not so strongly that they dominate it.

There is a popular intuition that mental illness is not solely mental, just as bodily dysfunction is not confined to the body.

Anxiety-related conditions can involve bodily signals becoming unusually salient and difficult to ignore. Depression may show a different pattern, including reduced sensitivity to some bodily signals and a diminished sense of connection to the body.

Other disorders may involve atypical timing, strength or flexibility in the exchange between brain and body. Across these conditions, the issue may lie not in the brain or body alone, but in how the two coordinate.
Part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 4 hours ago

Can dogs sniff cancer? AI joins the hunt

When rescue dog Chloe is not tumbling across the grass on a farm outside India's tech capital, Bengaluru, she is learning to sniff human breath for cancer with a little help from AI.
Fitted with a 3D-printed helmet and harness packed with sensors, Chloe is part of experimental efforts to use dogs' extraordinary sense of smell to develop a noninvasive test for the disease.

A growing body of global research suggests dogs can be trained to detect cancer and other human illnesses, from Parkinson's to COVID-19.

The Bengaluru-based startup Dognosis is using AI to analyze dogs' brain activity, respiration and body language—turning their reaction to scent into data.

In an hour, they can do thousands of sniffs. Each sniff can evaluate a sample.
Dognosis hopes to launch commercially next year, which it says would make it the third company of its kind, after firms from Germany and Israel.

Early detection can make a crucial difference to cancer survival rates, but in India many patients are diagnosed only after the disease has advanced.

Dog sniffs could provide an easy and affordable first layer of screening to be deployed at scale, finding potential cases for further testing.

As it chases commercial approval, Dognosis—backed by venture-capital firms including Accel India—is collaborating with government medical institutions for its research.

Chloe, a Labrador mix, is one of 15 dogs being coached by the startup, clad in customized data-gathering helmets.

Research suggests diseases can alter the chemicals released by the body, creating distinctive odors.

Dogs have around 300 million scent receptors, compared to about five million in humans.

The testing method is simple: A patient breathes into a cotton mask for about 10 minutes, and the mask is then sealed in a bag and taken to the lab. Patients do not meet the dogs.

A recent Dognosis study of more than 1,500 participants, involving six hospitals in Karnataka state, was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

The company said it achieved an accuracy rate of more than 90% across seven major types of cancer and now plans to test in real-world programs.

https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO-25-02310

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 5 hours ago

The balance between carbon emissions and downstream export also changed substantially with the seasons. Carbon emissions relative to downstream export were lowest in spring and autumn and highest during summer.

This was particularly important because the summer measurements coincided with warmer, relatively dry conditions and lower stream flow. When less water is moving through a network, carbon can spend longer in the system, while warmer temperatures can also speed up processes that transform dissolved organic carbon.

The team found that the effect of lake-rich networks remained across the different environmental conditions they measured, including an unusually dry summer. Together, this suggests that both the amount of water in a network and how that water is distributed between lakes and streams can influence what happens to carbon.
The findings do not mean that lakes are simply replacing streams as the main source of carbon emissions. In fact, the study found that streams produced more carbon emissions overall. But in lake-rich networks, a greater proportion of the carbon was released into the atmosphere rather than exported downstream.

F. Alriksson et al, Lakes Amplify Carbon Emissions Relative to Downstream Export in Aquatic Networks, Geophysical Research Letters (2026). DOI: 10.1029/2025gl120340.

Part 2

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Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa 5 hours ago

Lakes aren't just storing water—they're changing the carbon cycle

Lakes may look like picturesque stopping points along a river or stream, but they can have a big influence on what happens to carbon as it moves through a landscape. New research suggests that the more lake-rich a network of streams is, the more carbon is released into the atmosphere rather than carried downstream.

The finding, published in Geophysical Research Letters, comes from researchers who studied 32 connected stream-and-lake networks in northern Sweden, measuring how much carbon was released into the atmosphere and how much continued downstream. They found that networks with 10 times more lake surface area had almost twice the carbon emissions.

The results highlight a part of the carbon cycle that may have been overlooked by scientists. Rather than treating lakes and streams as separate pieces of the landscape, the researchers argue that they need to be considered together as connected networks.
Streams and rivers constantly pick up carbon from the land around them and carry it downstream toward larger rivers and eventually the ocean. However, some is transformed into gases, including carbon dioxide, and escapes from the water into the atmosphere.

How much carbon each route takes depends partly on how long the water stays within the aquatic network. A fast-flowing stream can carry carbon downstream relatively quickly, while a lake can slow the journey considerably, giving chemical and biological processes more time to act on the carbon.

The researchers call the length of time water remains within a stream-and-lake network its "network residence time." In the Swedish networks they studied, this varied enormously, from just 42 minutes to as long as 29 years. Lakes accounted for almost all of this residence time.

To investigate what this means for the carbon cycle, the team repeatedly sampled the networks during four different periods: spring snowmelt, early summer, late-summer low flow and autumn high flow. They measured carbon dioxide emissions across more than 360 sections of streams and from 42 lakes, while also estimating how much dissolved carbon was being transported downstream.

The pattern was striking. Networks with 10 times more aquatic surface area had approximately 35 times longer residence times and 1.8 times higher carbon emissions relative to downstream carbon export.

One likely explanation is that keeping carbon in the water longer gives microbes more opportunity to break down dissolved organic carbon. This process can ultimately produce carbon dioxide, which can then escape from the water into the atmosphere.

The researchers caution, however, that they did not directly measure all of the processes responsible for the pattern.
Part 1

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Sunday

Immune therapy engineered inside the body
Sixteen people with autoimmune conditions have had their symptoms relieved by a treatment that produces disease-fighting immune cells inside their bodies. Researchers used a modified virus to deliver the genetic instructions for making chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on participants’ T cells. These CAR T cells target antibodies produced by other immune cells, which attack the body’s own healthy tissue in autoimmune diseases. The findings are a proof of concept for in vivo CAR-T-cell therapy, says clinician-researcher David Simon, which is cheaper and faster to produce than is lab-made CAR-T.

https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2603114

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-02765-1?utm_source=Live+...

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday

CRISPR gene-editing therapy safely and continuously lowers cholesterol and triglycerides, first-in-human trial shows

A first-in-human clinical trial has shown that a one-time infusion of a gene-editing therapy using CRISPR-Cas9 was effective and safe in reducing LDL ("bad") cholesterol and triglycerides in people with medication-resistant lipid disorders through one year of follow-up across all doses.
In a 15-participant phase I trial, one-time CRISPR-Cas9 therapy targeting hepatic ANGPTL3 lowered LDL cholesterol by 52.5% and triglycerides by 47.8% at 12 months at the highest dose. No treatment-related serious adverse events occurred during one-year follow-up; longer-term safety monitoring is planned.

Luke J. Laffin et al, Durability of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Targeting ANGPTL3 with CTX310, New England Journal of Medicine (2026). DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2609825

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday

Aging blocks the retina's ability to regrow lost neurons, a first-of-its-kind study finds
Aging markedly reduces transcription factor–driven glial-to-neuron reprogramming in the retina. Reduced cellular plasticity and age-associated inflammation, potentially worsened by barrier dysfunction, contribute to this limitation. Anti-inflammatory steroids partially restored regeneration in aged tissue.

Jugasmita Deka et al, Aging limits neuronal regeneration from glia in the mouse retina, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2026). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2612369123

Comment by Dr. Krishna Kumari Challa on Saturday

The results of the team's analyses suggest that interconnected neural circuits in the mouse cortex play a key role in regulating the dimensionality of neural activity. In other words, these local circuits help control how many different patterns of activity a group of neurons can exhibit at a given time.

The researchers also found that the dimensionality of cortical activity was not fixed. Over time, they observed shifts between states that involved different numbers of distinct activity patterns.

David Dahmen et al, Strong and localized recurrence controls the dimensionality of neural activity across brain areas, Nature Neuroscience (2026). DOI: 10.1038/s41593-026-02395-w.

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